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Olfactory Dysfunction Is Associated With Motor Function Only in Tremor-Dominant Parkinson’S Disease Publisher Pubmed



Nabizadeh F1, 2 ; Pirahesh K3 ; Khalili E4, 5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
  5. 5. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran

Source: Neurological Sciences Published:2022


Abstract

Background: The prevalence of olfactory impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is 50–90%, and therefore, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most prevalent non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in patients with PD. Numerous studies have evaluated the association between motor and non-motor symptoms and olfactory dysfunction in PD. Aim: In this study, we investigated the relationship between olfactory dysfunction, which is measured using the UPSIT test, with other motor and non-motor symptoms separately in three motor subtypes of PD, including tremor dominant (TD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and indeterminate and healthy subjects. Methods: We recruited 487 early-stage PD patients (43 PIGD, 406 TD, and 38 indeterminate) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 197) from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). All participants completed motor and non-motor tests at baseline visit and after 4 years of follow-up. Subjects underwent common PD scaling tests. Results: Olfactory dysfunction was significantly correlated with declined motor functions only in the TD subtype. Also, significant correlations were noticed between olfactory dysfunction and speed-attention processing and executive function in the HCs as well. Finally, no significant or meaningful association was observed in the PIGD and indeterminate subtype. Anosmia and hyposmia subjects in the TD group had the worse motor and non-motor scores compared to normosmia subjects after 4 years. Conclusion: Olfactory dysfunction was significantly correlated with declined motor functions in the TD subtype. This is indicating that olfactory dysfunction may be an early motor and non-motor biomarker only in the TD subtype. However, it is possible that the involvement of olfactory function in other subtypes is not strong enough to make it a useful marker of diseases progression. © 2022, Fondazione Societa Italiana di Neurologia.
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