Recent Information About Mpox Disease; Informacion Reciente Sobre La Enfermedad Mpox Publisher



Dowran R ; Karimizadeh Z ; Mohebbi A ; Jazayeri SM ; Taghavi FS ; Rasaee MJ
Source: Vacunas Published:2025

Abstract

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first discovered in monkeys in a laboratory in Denmark in 1958, and the first human case was reported in Congo in 1970. It causes a disease called Mpox disease which is mainly characterized by rashes. Viral transmission occurs through body fluids, respiratory droplets, saliva, the content of vesicles, and lesions in addition to skin contact. Initially, Mpox was restricted to Africa, and sporadic cases outside Africa had a history of travel or links to Africa. The first outbreak outside Africa was in the US with the etiology of animal importation. The first outbreak of Mpox without any proven link to African sources was observed in 2022. The etiology of the recent increase in Mpox cases is an increase in animal reservoir population and animals’ adaptation to urban environments. MPXV is capable of crossing species and has a wide range of hosts; however, not all of them are specified currently. All mammals should be considered susceptible to MPXV, and investigating its new and unknown host should be seriously pursued. The recent discovery of Mpox outside Africa has shed light that health research is vital for preventing, controlling, and/or eradicating infectious diseases at their origins. The ability to monitor and respond to Mpox requires enhanced global preparedness. This is a comprehensive review of the discovery, history of the disease and transmission, immune system response and immune evasion, vaccination, and the possibility of turning into an outbreak with the countries at higher risk of infection. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.