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Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Among Iranian Women Using the Gail Model



Khazaeepool M1 ; Majlessi F2, 3 ; Nedjat S2, 4 ; Montazeri A5 ; Janani L6 ; Pashaei T7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  2. 2. School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Mental Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  8. 8. Department of public health, School of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention Published:2016

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer risk assessment is a helpful method for estimating development of breast cancer at the population level. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants consisted of a group of 3,847 volunteers (mean ± SD age: 463 ± 7.59 years) in a convenience sample of women referred to health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. The risk of breast cancer was estimated by applying the National Cancer Institute's online version of the Gail Risk Assessment Tool. Results: Some 24.9% of women reported having one first-degree female relative with breast cancer, with 8.05% of them having two or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer. The mean five-year risk of breast cancer for all participants was 1.61±0.73%, and 9.36% of them had a five-year risk of breast cancer > 1.66%. The mean lifetime risk of breast cancer was 11.7±3.91%. Conclusions: The Gail model is useful for assessing probability of breast cancer in Iranian women. Based on the their breast cancer risk, women may decide to accept further screening services.
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1. Assessing Breast Cancer Risk Among Iranian Women Using the Gail Model, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (2016)
2. Development and Psychometric Testing of a New Instrument to Measure Factors Influencing Women's Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors (Assists), BMC Women's Health (2016)
3. Discriminatory Accuracy of the Gail Model for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Among Iranian Women, Iranian Journal of Public Health (2020)
4. New Educational Model to Promote Breast Cancer-Preventive Behaviors (Assists): Development and First Evaluation, Cancer Nursing (2019)
5. Beliefs, Fear and Awareness of Women About Breast Cancer: Effects on Mammography Screening Practices, Nursing Open (2021)
6. Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Classification of Breast Cancer Risk Based on Clinical Data, Cancer Reports (2025)
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