Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Mapping Inequalities in Exclusive Breastfeeding in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2000–2018 Publisher Pubmed



Bhattacharjee NV1 ; Schaeffer LE2, 3 ; Hay SI1, 4, 126 ; Lu D1 ; Schipp MF1 ; Lazzaratwood A1 ; Donkers KM1 ; Abady GG4 ; Abdallah F5 ; Abdelalim A5 ; Abebo ZH6, 183 ; Abejie AN7 ; Abosetugn AE8 ; Abreu LG9 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Bhattacharjee NV1
  2. Schaeffer LE2, 3
  3. Hay SI1, 4, 126
  4. Lu D1
  5. Schipp MF1
  6. Lazzaratwood A1
  7. Donkers KM1
  8. Abady GG4
  9. Abdallah F5
  10. Abdelalim A5
  11. Abebo ZH6, 183
  12. Abejie AN7
  13. Abosetugn AE8
  14. Abreu LG9
  15. Abrigo MRM10
  16. Abugharbieh E11
  17. Abushouk AI12, 13
  18. Adamu AL14, 15
  19. Adedeji IA16
  20. Adegbosin AE17
  21. Adekanmbi V18
  22. Adetokunboh OO19, 20
  23. Agudelobotero M21
  24. Aji B22
  25. Akinyemi OO23, 24
  26. Alamneh AA25
  27. Alanezi FM26
  28. Alanzi TM27
  29. Albright J1
  30. Alcalderabanal JE28
  31. Alemu BW29, 30
  32. Alhassan RK31
  33. Ali BA32, 33
  34. Ali S34
  35. Alinia C35
  36. Alipour V36, 37
  37. Amit AML38, 39
  38. Amugsi DA40
  39. Anbesu EW41
  40. Ancuceanu R42
  41. Anjomshoa M43
  42. Ansari F44, 45
  43. Antonio CAT46, 47
  44. Anvari D48, 49
  45. Arabloo J36
  46. Arora A50, 51
  47. Artanti KD52
  48. Asemahagn MA53
  49. Asmare WN54
  50. Atout MMW55
  51. Ausloos M56, 57
  52. Awoke N58
  53. Quintanilla BPA59
  54. Ayanore MA60
  55. Aynalem YA61
  56. Ayza MA62
  57. Azene ZN63
  58. Darshan BB64
  59. Badiye AD65
  60. Baig AA66
  61. Bakkannavar SM67
  62. Banach M68, 69
  63. Banik PC70
  64. Barnighausen TW71, 72
  65. Basaleem H73
  66. Bayati M74
  67. Baye BA75
  68. Bedi N76, 77
  69. Belay SA78
  70. Bhagavathula AS79, 80
  71. Bhandari D81, 82
  72. Bhardwaj N83
  73. Bhardwaj P84, 85
  74. Bhutta ZA86, 87
  75. Bijani A88
  76. Birhan TA89
  77. Birihane BM90, 91
  78. Bitew ZW92
  79. Bohlouli S94
  80. Bohluli M95, 96
  81. Bojia HA97
  82. Boloor A98
  83. Brady OJ99
  84. Bragazzi NL100
  85. Brunoni AR101, 102, 108
  86. Budhathoki SS103
  87. Nagaraja SB104
  88. Butt ZA105, 106
  89. Cardenas R107
  90. Castaldellimaia JM102, 108
  91. Castro F109
  92. Cernigliaro A110
  93. Charan J111
  94. Chatterjee P112
  95. Chatterjee S113
  96. Chattu VK114, 115
  97. Chaturvedi S116
  98. Chowdhury MAK117, 118
  99. Chu DT119
  100. Collison ML1
  101. Cook AJ1
  102. Cork MA1
  103. Couto RAS120
  104. Dagnew B121
  105. Dai H122, 123
  106. Dandona L1, 124, 125
  107. Dandona R1, 124, 126
  108. Daneshpajouhnejad P127, 128
  109. Darwesh AM129
  110. Darwish AH130
  111. Daryani A131
  112. Das JK132
  113. Gupta RD118, 133
  114. Davilacervantes CA134
  115. Davis AC135, 136
  116. Weaver ND1
  117. Denovagutierrez E137
  118. Deribe K138, 139
  119. Desalew A140
  120. Deshpande A141
  121. Dessie A89
  122. Deuba K142, 143
  123. Dharmaratne SD1, 126, 144
  124. Dhimal M145
  125. Dhungana GP146
  126. Diaz D147, 148
  127. Didarloo A149
  128. Dipeolu IO150
  129. Doan LP151
  130. Duko B152, 153
  131. Duraes AR154, 155
  132. Dwyerlindgren L1, 126
  133. Earl L1
  134. Zaki MES156
  135. Tantawi ME157
  136. Elema TB158, 159
  137. Elhabashy HR160
  138. Eljaafary SI5
  139. Faris PS161, 162
  140. Faro A163
  141. Farzadfar F164
  142. Feigin VL1, 165, 166
  143. Feleke BE167
  144. Ferede TY168
  145. Fischer F169
  146. Foigt NA170
  147. Folayan MO171
  148. Franklin RC172
  149. Gad MM173, 174
  150. Gaidhane S175
  151. Gardner WM1
  152. Geberemariyam BS176
  153. Gebregiorgis BG61
  154. Gebremedhin KB177
  155. Gebremichael B178
  156. Ghaffarpasand F179
  157. Gilani SA180, 181
  158. Ginindza TG182
  159. Glagn M6, 183
  160. Golechha M184
  161. Gonfa KB185
  162. Goulart BNG186
  163. Gudi N187
  164. Guido D188
  165. Guled RA189
  166. Guo Y190, 191
  167. Hamidi S192
  168. Handiso DW193
  169. Hasaballah AI194
  170. Hassan A5
  171. Hayat K195, 196
  172. Hegazy MI5
  173. Heidari B197
  174. Henry NJ198
  175. Herteliu C57, 199
  176. De Hidru HD200
  177. Ho HC201
  178. Hoang CL202
  179. Holla R64
  180. Hon J1
  181. Hosseini M203, 204
  182. Hosseinzadeh M36
  183. Househ M205
  184. Hsairi M206
  185. Hu G207
  186. Huda TM117, 208
  187. Hwang BF209
  188. Ibitoye SE150
  189. Ilesanmi OS210, 211
  190. Ilic IM212
  191. Ilic MD213
  192. Inbaraj LR214
  193. Iqbal U215
  194. Irvani SSN216
  195. Islam MM217
  196. Iwu CCD218
  197. Iwu CJ20, 219
  198. Jain A220
  199. Janodia MD221
  200. Javaheri T222
  201. Johnakinola YO150
  202. Johnson KB1
  203. Joukar F223, 224
  204. Jozwiak JJ225
  205. Kabir A226
  206. Kalankesh LR227
  207. Kalhor R228, 229
  208. Kamath A64
  209. Kamyari N231
  210. Kanchan OT232
  211. Kapoor N65
  212. Matin BK233
  213. Karimi SE234
  214. Kasaye HK235
  215. Kassahun G236
  216. Kassebaum NJ1, 126, 237
  217. Kayode GA238, 239
  218. Karyani AK233
  219. Keiyoro PN240
  220. Kelkay B241
  221. Khalid N242
  222. Khan MN243
  223. Khatab K244, 245
  224. Khater AM246
  225. Khater MM247
  226. Khatib MN248
  227. Kim YJ249
  228. Kimokoti RW250
  229. Kinyoki DK1, 126
  230. Kisa A251, 252
  231. Kisa S253
  232. Kosen S254
  233. Krishan K255
  234. Kulkarni V220
  235. Kumar GA124
  236. Kumar M256, 257
  237. Kumar N220
  238. Kumar P258
  239. Kurmi OP259, 260
  240. Kusuma D261, 262
  241. Vecchia CL263
  242. Lad SD264
  243. Lami FH265
  244. Landires I266, 267
  245. Lansingh VC268, 269
  246. Lasrado S270
  247. Lee PH271
  248. Legrand KE1
  249. Letourneau ID1
  250. Lewycka S272, 273, 420
  251. Li B274
  252. Li MC275
  253. Li S276
  254. Liu X277
  255. Lodha R278
  256. Lopez JCF279, 280
  257. Louie C1
  258. Machado DB281, 282
  259. Maled V283, 284
  260. Maleki S285
  261. Malta DC286
  262. Mamun AA287
  263. Manafi N288, 289
  264. Mansournia MA203
  265. Mapoma CC290
  266. Marczak LB1
  267. Martinsmelo FR291
  268. Mehndiratta MM292, 293
  269. Mejiarodriguez F294
  270. Mekonnen TC295
  271. Mendoza W296
  272. Menezes RG297
  273. Mengesha EW298
  274. Mersha AM299
  275. Miller TR153, 300
  276. Mini GK301, 302
  277. Mirrakhimov EM303, 304
  278. Misra S305
  279. Moghadaszadeh M306, 307
  280. Mohammad DK308, 309
  281. Mohammadianhafshejani A310
  282. Mohammed JA311
  283. Mohammed S71, 312
  284. Mokdad AH1, 126
  285. Monterozamora PA313, 314
  286. Moradi M233
  287. Moradzadeh R315
  288. Moraga P316
  289. Mosser JF1
  290. Mousavi SM317
  291. Khaneghah AM318
  292. Munro SB1
  293. Muriithi MK319
  294. Mustafa G320, 321
  295. Muthupandian S322
  296. Nagarajan AJ323, 324
  297. Naik G325
  298. Naimzada MD326, 327
  299. Nangia V328
  300. Nascimento BR329, 330
  301. Nayak VC67
  302. Ndejjo R331
  303. Ndwandwe DE332
  304. Negoi I333, 334
  305. Nguefacktsague G335
  306. Ngunjiri JW336
  307. Nguyen CT337
  308. Nguyen DN151, 338
  309. Nguyen HLT337
  310. Nigussie SN339
  311. Nigussie TTN339
  312. Nikbakhsh R340
  313. Nnaji CA219, 341
  314. Nunezsamudio V342, 343
  315. Oancea B344
  316. Oghenetega OB345
  317. Olagunju AT346, 347
  318. Olusanya BO348
  319. Olusanya JO348
  320. Omer MO349
  321. Onwujekwe OE350
  322. Ortegaaltamirano DV351
  323. Osgoodzimmerman AE1
  324. Otstavnov N326
  325. Otstavnov SS326, 352
  326. Owolabi MO353, 354
  327. Mahesh PA355
  328. Padubidri JR64
  329. Pana A57, 356
  330. Pandey A357
  331. Pandiperumal SR358
  332. Pangaribuan HU359
  333. Parsekar SS360
  334. Pasupula DK361
  335. Patel UK362
  336. Pathak A363, 364
  337. Pathak M365
  338. Pattanshetty SM187
  339. Patton GC366, 367
  340. Paulos K368
  341. Pepito VCF369
  342. Pickering BV1
  343. Pinheiro M370
  344. Piwoz EG371
  345. Pokhrel KN372
  346. Pourjafar H373, 374
  347. Prada SI375, 376
  348. Pribadi DRA377
  349. Syed ZQ378
  350. Rabiee M379
  351. Rabiee N380
  352. Rahim F381, 382
  353. Rahimzadeh S164, 383
  354. Rahman A384
  355. Rahman MHU385
  356. Rahmani AM386, 387
  357. Rai RK388, 389
  358. Ranabhat CL390, 391
  359. Rao SJ392
  360. Rastogi P393
  361. Rathi P64
  362. Rawaf DL394, 395
  363. Rawaf S396, 397
  364. Rawassizadeh R398
  365. Rawat R399
  366. Rawat R399
  367. Regassa LD178
  368. Rego MAS401
  369. Reshmi B402
  370. Rezapour A36
  371. Ribeiro AI404
  372. Rickard J405, 406
  373. Roever L407
  374. Rumisha SF408, 409
  375. Rwegerera GM410
  376. Sagar R411
  377. Sajadi SM412, 413
  378. Salem MR414
  379. Samy AM415
  380. Santricmilicevic MM212, 416
  381. Saraswathy SYI417, 418
  382. Sarker AR419
  383. Sartorius B126, 272, 420, 421
  384. Sathian B422, 423
  385. Saxena D378, 424
  386. Sbarra AN1
  387. Sengupta D425
  388. Senthilkumaran S426
  389. Sha F427
  390. Shafaat O428, 429
  391. Shaheen AA430
  392. Shaikh MA431
  393. Shalash AS432
  394. Shannawaz M433
  395. Sheikh A434, 435
  396. Shetty BSK393
  397. Shetty RS436
  398. Shibuya K437
  399. Shiferaw WS61
  400. Shin JI438
  401. Silva DAS439
  402. Singh NP440
  403. Singh P441
  404. Singh S442
  405. Sintayehu Y443
  406. Skryabin VY444
  407. Skryabina AA445
  408. Soheili A446
  409. Soltani S233
  410. Sorrie MB6, 183
  411. Spurlock EE1
  412. Steuben KM1
  413. Sudaryanto A447
  414. Sufiyan MB448
  415. Swartz SJ449, 450
  416. Tadesse EG451
  417. Tamiru AT241
  418. Tapak L231, 452
  419. Tareque MI453
  420. Tarigan IU454
  421. Tesema GA455
  422. Tesfay FH456, 457
  423. Teshome A451
  424. Tessema ZT458
  425. Thankappan KR459
  426. Thapar R220
  427. Thomas N460
  428. Topormadry R461, 462
  429. Tovanipalone MR463, 464
  430. Traini E465
  431. Tran BX466
  432. Truong PN467
  433. Tsegaye BTBT236
  434. Ullah I468
  435. Umeokonkwo CD469
  436. Unnikrishnan B470
  437. Upadhyay E471
  438. Uzochukwu BSC472
  439. Vanderheide JD473
  440. Violante FS474, 475
  441. Vo B476
  442. Wado YD477
  443. Waheed Y478
  444. Wamai RG479, 480
  445. Wang F481
  446. Wang Y482
  447. Wang YP102, 108
  448. Wickramasinghe ND483
  449. Wiens KE484
  450. Wiysonge CS219, 341
  451. Woyczynski L1
  452. Wu AM485
  453. Wu C486, 487
  454. Yamada T488
  455. Yaya S489, 490
  456. Yeshaneh A491
  457. Yeshaw Y458
  458. Yeshitila YG299
  459. Yilma MT492
  460. Yip P493, 494
  461. Yonemoto N495, 496
  462. Yosef T339
  463. Younis MZ497, 498
  464. Yousuf AY349
  465. Yu C482
  466. Yu Y499
  467. Yuce D500
  468. Zafar S501, 502
  469. Zaidi SS503
  470. Zaki L504
  471. Zakzuk J505
  472. Zamanian M315
  473. Zar HJ506, 507
  474. Zastrozhin MS508, 509
  475. Zastrozhina A510
  476. Zelellw DA511
  477. Zhang Y512, 513
  478. Zhang ZJ514
  479. Zhao XJG481, 515
  480. Zodpey S516
  481. Zuniga YMH517, 518
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Medical Teams International, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Nursing, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  5. 5. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  6. 6. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  7. 7. Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  8. 8. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Brehan, Ethiopia
  9. 9. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  10. 10. Department of Research, Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines
  11. 11. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  12. 12. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  13. 13. Department of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  14. 14. Community Medicine Department, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
  15. 15. Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  16. 16. Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
  17. 17. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold coast, QLD, Australia
  18. 18. Population Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  19. 19. Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  20. 20. Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  21. 21. Center for Policy, Population & Health Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  22. 22. Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia
  23. 23. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  24. 24. Department of Health Policy and Management, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  25. 25. Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  26. 26. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  27. 27. Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  28. 28. Center for Health System Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  29. 29. College of Medicine and Health Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  30. 30. Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Injbara, Ethiopia
  31. 31. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  32. 32. Erbil Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
  33. 33. School of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
  34. 34. Department of Information Systems, College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
  35. 35. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  36. 36. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  37. 37. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  38. 38. School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo De Manila University, Manila, Philippines
  39. 39. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  40. 40. Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  41. 41. Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  43. 43. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  44. 44. Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  45. 45. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
  46. 46. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  47. 47. Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  48. 48. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  49. 49. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  50. 50. School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  51. 51. Disciple of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
  52. 52. Department of Epidemiology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
  53. 53. School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  54. 54. Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  55. 55. Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
  56. 56. School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  57. 57. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  58. 58. Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  59. 59. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  60. 60. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  61. 61. Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  62. 62. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  63. 63. Department of Reproductive Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  64. 64. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  65. 65. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  66. 66. Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  67. 67. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  68. 68. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  69. 69. Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  70. 70. Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  71. 71. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  72. 72. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  73. 73. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Aden College, Aden, Yemen
  74. 74. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  75. 75. Department of Public Health, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
  76. 76. Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
  77. 77. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  78. 78. Department of Biomedical Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  79. 79. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  80. 80. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  81. 81. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  82. 82. Public Health Research Laboratory, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  83. 83. Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India
  84. 84. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  85. 85. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  86. 86. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  87. 87. Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  88. 88. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  89. 89. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  90. 90. Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  91. 91. Department of Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debretabor, Ethiopia
  92. 92. Nutrition Department, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  93. 93. St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  94. 94. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  95. 95. Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  96. 96. Department of Research and Innovation, Petanux Research GmBH, Bonn, Germany
  97. 97. School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  98. 98. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  99. 99. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  100. 100. University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  101. 101. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  102. 102. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  103. 103. Research Division, Golden Community, Kathmandu, Nepal
  104. 104. Department of Community Medicine, Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India
  105. 105. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  106. 106. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  107. 107. Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  108. 108. Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  109. 109. Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama
  110. 110. Regional Epidemiological Observatory Department, Sicilian Regional Health Authority, Palermo, Italy
  111. 111. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  112. 112. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
  113. 113. Department of Microbiology & Infection Control, Medanta Medicity, Gurugram, India
  114. 114. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  115. 115. Global Institute of Public Health (GIPH), Thiruvananthapuram, India
  116. 116. Research Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India
  117. 117. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  118. 118. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  119. 119. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  120. 120. Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  121. 121. Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  122. 122. Department of Cardiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
  123. 123. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
  124. 124. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  125. 125. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  126. 126. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  127. 127. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
  128. 128. Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  129. 129. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  130. 130. Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
  131. 131. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  132. 132. Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  133. 133. James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  134. 134. Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  135. 135. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  136. 136. Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  137. 137. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  138. 138. Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  139. 139. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  140. 140. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  141. 141. Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  142. 142. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
  143. 143. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  144. 144. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  145. 145. Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  146. 146. Department of Microbiology, Far Western University, Mahendranagar, Nepal
  147. 147. Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  148. 148. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico
  149. 149. Department of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  150. 150. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  151. 151. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  152. 152. School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  153. 153. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  154. 154. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  155. 155. Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica (Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health), Salvador, Brazil
  156. 156. Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
  157. 157. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  158. 158. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
  159. 159. Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  160. 160. Neurophysiology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  161. 161. Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani�, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  162. 162. Department of Biology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  163. 163. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  164. 164. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  165. 165. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  166. 166. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  167. 167. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  168. 168. School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  169. 169. Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
  170. 170. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  171. 171. Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  172. 172. School of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  173. 173. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  174. 174. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  175. 175. Department of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science, Wardha, India
  176. 176. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  177. 177. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  178. 178. School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  179. 179. Department of Neurosurgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  180. 180. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  181. 181. Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
  182. 182. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  183. 183. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  184. 184. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
  185. 185. Department of Surgery, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  186. 186. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  187. 187. Department of Health Policy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  188. 188. UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilita, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute), Milan, Italy
  189. 189. College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
  190. 190. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  191. 191. Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
  192. 192. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  193. 193. Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
  194. 194. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
  195. 195. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  196. 196. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  197. 197. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  198. 198. Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  199. 199. School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
  200. 200. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  201. 201. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  202. 202. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  203. 203. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  204. 204. Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  205. 205. College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  206. 206. Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
  207. 207. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, China
  208. 208. School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  209. 209. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  210. 210. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  211. 211. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  212. 212. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  213. 213. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  214. 214. Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India
  215. 215. College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  216. 216. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  217. 217. School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  218. 218. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  219. 219. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  220. 220. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  221. 221. Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  222. 222. Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  223. 223. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  224. 224. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  225. 225. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  226. 226. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  227. 227. School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  228. 228. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  229. 229. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  230. 230. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  231. 231. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  232. 232. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  233. 233. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  234. 234. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  235. 235. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  236. 236. School of Midwifery, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  237. 237. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  238. 238. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  239. 239. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  240. 240. Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  241. 241. Department of Midwifery, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  242. 242. School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  243. 243. Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  244. 244. Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  245. 245. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  246. 246. National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  247. 247. Department of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  248. 248. Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  249. 249. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  250. 250. Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, MA, United States
  251. 251. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  252. 252. Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  253. 253. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  254. 254. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
  255. 255. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  256. 256. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  257. 257. Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  258. 258. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  259. 259. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
  260. 260. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  261. 261. Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  262. 262. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  263. 263. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  264. 264. Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
  265. 265. Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  266. 266. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  267. 267. Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  268. 268. HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States
  269. 269. Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico
  270. 270. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  271. 271. School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  272. 272. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  273. 273. Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  274. 274. Department of Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
  275. 275. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  276. 276. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  277. 277. Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  278. 278. Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  279. 279. Department of Nutrition, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  280. 280. Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines
  281. 281. Center for Integration of Data and Health Knowledge, Oswald Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
  282. 282. Centre for Global Mental Health (CGMH), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  283. 283. Department of Forensic Medicine, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, India
  284. 284. Department of Forensic Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  285. 285. Clinical Research Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  286. 286. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  287. 287. Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
  288. 288. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  289. 289. School of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  290. 290. Department of Population Studies, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  291. 291. Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  292. 292. Neurology Department, Janakpuri Super Specialty Hospital Society, New Delhi, India
  293. 293. Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
  294. 294. Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  295. 295. Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  296. 296. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  297. 297. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  298. 298. Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  299. 299. Department of Nursing, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  300. 300. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States
  301. 301. Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India
  302. 302. Women’s Social and Health Studies Foundation, Trivandrum, India
  303. 303. Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  304. 304. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  305. 305. Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  306. 306. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  307. 307. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  308. 308. Department of Forestry, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  309. 309. Department of Medicine-Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  310. 310. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  311. 311. Department of Public Health, Samara University, Semera, Ethiopia
  312. 312. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  313. 313. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
  314. 314. Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  315. 315. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  316. 316. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  317. 317. Management and Leadership in Medical Education Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  318. 318. Department of Food Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
  319. 319. School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  320. 320. Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
  321. 321. Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan
  322. 322. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  323. 323. Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  324. 324. Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
  325. 325. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  326. 326. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  327. 327. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
  328. 328. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  329. 329. Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  330. 330. Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  331. 331. Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  332. 332. Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  333. 333. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  334. 334. Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  335. 335. Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
  336. 336. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  337. 337. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  338. 338. Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  339. 339. Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia
  340. 340. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  341. 341. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  342. 342. Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  343. 343. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  344. 344. Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  345. 345. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  346. 346. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  347. 347. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  348. 348. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  349. 349. Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
  350. 350. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  351. 351. Health Systems Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  352. 352. Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  353. 353. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  354. 354. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  355. 355. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  356. 356. Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
  357. 357. Department of Research, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  358. 358. Corporate, Somnogen Canada Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
  359. 359. National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
  360. 360. Public Health Evidence South Asia, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  361. 361. Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
  362. 362. Department of Neurology and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  363. 363. Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India
  364. 364. Global Public Health-Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  365. 365. Research & Development Department, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
  366. 366. Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  367. 367. Population Health Theme, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  368. 368. Department of Midwifery, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  369. 369. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  370. 370. Department of Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  371. 371. Global Development Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
  372. 372. HIV and Mental Health Department, Integrated Development Foundation Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  373. 373. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  374. 374. Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  375. 375. Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas, Fundacion Valle del Lili, (Clinical Research Center, Valle del Lili Foundation), Cali, Colombia
  376. 376. Centro PROESA, Universidad ICESI, (PROESA, ICESI University), Cali, Colombia
  377. 377. Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia
  378. 378. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  379. 379. Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  380. 380. Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  381. 381. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  382. 382. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  383. 383. Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
  384. 384. Data Mining Research Unit (DaMRA), Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
  385. 385. Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College & Hospital, Solan, India
  386. 386. Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  387. 387. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  388. 388. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
  389. 389. Department of Economics, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
  390. 390. Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
  391. 391. Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
  392. 392. Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
  393. 393. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  394. 394. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  395. 395. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  396. 396. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  397. 397. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  398. 398. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  399. 399. Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
  400. 400. Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  401. 401. Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  402. 402. Department of Health Information Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  403. 403. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  404. 404. Epidemiology Research Unit Institute of Public Health (EPIUnit-ISPUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  405. 405. Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  406. 406. Department of Surgery, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
  407. 407. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  408. 408. Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  409. 409. Department of Health Statistics, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  410. 410. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  411. 411. Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  412. 412. Department of Phytochemistry, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
  413. 413. Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  414. 414. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  415. 415. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  416. 416. School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  417. 417. Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
  418. 418. PSG-FAIMER South Asia Regional Institute, Coimbatore, India
  419. 419. Health Economics Department, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  420. 420. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  421. 421. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  422. 422. Department of Geriatrics and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  423. 423. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  424. 424. Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  425. 425. Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India
  426. 426. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  427. 427. Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
  428. 428. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  429. 429. Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  430. 430. Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  431. 431. Independent consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  432. 432. Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  433. 433. Department of Community Medicine, BLDE University, Vijayapur, India
  434. 434. Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  435. 435. Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  436. 436. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  437. 437. Institute for Population Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  438. 438. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  439. 439. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  440. 440. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India
  441. 441. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, India
  442. 442. Division of Environmental Monitoring & Exposure Assessment (Water & Soil), National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
  443. 443. Department of Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  444. 444. Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation
  445. 445. Therapeutic Department, Balashiha Central Hospital, Balashikha, Russian Federation
  446. 446. Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  447. 447. Department of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
  448. 448. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  449. 449. School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  450. 450. Joint Medical Program, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
  451. 451. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  452. 452. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  453. 453. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  454. 454. Research and Development Center for Humanities and Health Management, National Institute of Health Research & Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
  455. 455. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistsics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  456. 456. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  457. 457. Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  458. 458. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  459. 459. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
  460. 460. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India
  461. 461. Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  462. 462. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland
  463. 463. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  464. 464. Modestum LTD, London, United Kingdom
  465. 465. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  466. 466. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  467. 467. Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
  468. 468. Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  469. 469. Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  470. 470. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  471. 471. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  472. 472. Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  473. 473. Insights Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United States
  474. 474. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  475. 475. Occupational Health Unit, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  476. 476. Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  477. 477. Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  478. 478. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  479. 479. Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, & Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  480. 480. School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  481. 481. School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  482. 482. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  483. 483. Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  484. 484. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  485. 485. Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
  486. 486. Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
  487. 487. Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
  488. 488. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  489. 489. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  490. 490. The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  491. 491. Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  492. 492. Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  493. 493. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  494. 494. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  495. 495. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  496. 496. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  497. 497. Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
  498. 498. School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  499. 499. School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
  500. 500. Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  501. 501. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
  502. 502. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  503. 503. Department of Pharmaceutics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
  504. 504. Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  505. 505. Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  506. 506. Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  507. 507. Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Medical Research Council South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
  508. 508. Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation
  509. 509. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  510. 510. Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  511. 511. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  512. 512. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  513. 513. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  514. 514. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  515. 515. School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
  516. 516. Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  517. 517. Health Technology Assessment Unit, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines
  518. 518. #MentalHealthPH, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines

Source: Nature Human Behaviour Published:2021


Abstract

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030. © 2021, The Author(s).
Experts (# of related papers)
Other Related Docs