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The Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Khanmohammadi S1, 2, 3 ; Masrour M1 ; Fallahtafti P1, 4 ; Habibzadeh A1 ; Schuermans A5, 6 ; Kuchay MS7
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  6. 6. Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
  7. 7. Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Haryana, Gurugram, 122001, India

Source: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews Published:2025


Abstract

Background and aim: Frailty is frequently observed in end-stage liver disease of various etiologies, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains incompletely understood. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association and prevalence of frailty in NAFLD. Methods: A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus was performed. The random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty. Meta-analyzed odds ratios (OR) were calculated to examine the association between frailty and NAFLD. Results: Among the initial 430 articles identified, 18 studies were included. Three studies involving 3673 participants had a pooled OR of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.51–2.72; I^2 = 1.1%; p < 0.0001) for the association between frailty and NAFLD. The pooled prevalence of frailty in individuals with NAFLD was 23% (95% CI: 13%–38%; I^2 = 93.5%) using the liver frailty index (LFI) and 8% (95% CI: 3%–21%; I^2 = 98.1%) using the Fried frailty index (FFI). NAFLD patients’ mean grip strength and balance time were 26.4 kg (95% CI: 23.0–29.8) and 23s (95% CI: 10–35), respectively. Among studies that also included individuals with liver cirrhosis, grip strength was lower in those with cirrhosis vs. the broader population of those with NAFLD. Conclusions: Our study suggests that frailty is highly prevalent in individuals with NAFLD, with a significantly higher prevalence compared to those without NAFLD. Individuals with NAFLD have more than two-fold increased odds of frailty. Assessing frailty in NAFLD patients enables targeted management to improve outcomes. © 2025 Research Trust of DiabetesIndia (DiabetesIndia) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC)
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