A Systematic Review of Sexual Health, Knowledge, and Behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder Publisher Pubmed



Motamed M¹ ; Hajikarimhamedani A² ; Fakhrian A³ ; Alaghbandrad J¹ Show Affiliations
Source: BMC Psychiatry Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) affects social interaction, communication, and behavior, with significant challenges in sexual experiences, relationships, and victimization. This review consolidates findings to improve understanding of sexual health in ASD. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycInfo (1991–2024) were reviewed. Data were extracted using EndNote 21, focusing on demographics, autism support needs, and sexual behaviors. Methodological quality was assessed using modified Cochrane and Effective Public Health Practice Project tools. Results: Autistic individuals face unique challenges in romantic and sexual relationships, such as sensory sensitivities and communication difficulties. While they share typical sexual desires, these challenges can complicate their relationships and increase the risk of victimization. The review highlights the need for tailored sexual health education and supportive interventions, particularly for those at higher risk. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need for inclusive sexual health interventions for autistic individuals, considering the heterogeneity of ASD and its impact on sexual well-being. Further research should address current gaps, especially regarding non-Western contexts and individuals with co-occurring intellectual disabilities or gender diversity, to improve support and understanding. © The Author(s) 2025.