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Curcumin Mitigates Radiation-Induced Lung Pneumonitis and Fibrosis in Rats Publisher



Amini P1 ; Saffar H2 ; Nourani MR1 ; Motevaseli E3 ; Najafi M4 ; Taheri RA5 ; Qazvini A5
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Clinical and Anatomical Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Published:2018


Abstract

Radiation-induced lung injury is one of the most prominent factors that interfere with chest cancer radiotherapy, and poses a great threat to patients exposed to total body irradiation. Upregulation of pro-oxidant enzymes is one of the main mechanisms through which the late effects of ionizing radiation on lung injury can be exerted. Interleukin (IL)- 4 and IL-13 are two important cytokines that have been proposed to be involved in this process. Through stimulation of dual oxidase 1 and 2 (DUOX 1 & 2), they induce chronic oxidative stress in irradiated tissues. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin treatment on the regulation of IL-4 and IL-13, DUOX1 & 2 genes as well as the pathological changes developed by this treatment. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: radiation only; curcumin only; radiation +curcumin; and control group with neither pharmacotherapy nor radiation. Curcumin was administered for 4 and 6 consecutive days before and after irradiation, respectively. Also, the chest area was irradiated with 15 Gy using a cobalt-60 gamma rays source. All rats were sacrificed 67 days after irradiation, followed by the assessment of the levels of IL-4 and IL-13; the expression of IL- 4 receptor-a1 (IL4Ra1), IL13Ra2, DUOX1 and DUOX2, and finally the histopathological changes were evaluated. Radiation led to the increased level of IL-4, while the level of IL-13 showed no change. QPCR results showed the upregulation of IL4Ra1, DUOX1 and DUOX2 following lung irradiation. Histopathological evaluation also showed a remarkable increase in pneumonitis and fibrosis. Treatment with curcumin downregulated the expression of IL-4, IL4Ra1, DUOX1 & 2. Furthermore, it could mitigate pneumonitis and fibrosis following lung irradiation. The late effects of radiation- induced lung injury may be due to the upregulation of DUOX1 & 2 genes. Curcumin, through modulation of these genes, may contribute to the protection against ionizing radiation. © 2018 Babol University of Medical Sciences.
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