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Kdr Genotyping and the First Report of V410l and V1016i Kdr Mutations in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene in Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Iran Publisher Pubmed



Enayati A1 ; Valadan R2 ; Bagherzadeh M3 ; Cheraghpour M3 ; Nikookar SH4 ; Fazelidinan M4 ; Hosseinivasoukolaei N5 ; Sahraei Rostami F5 ; Shabani Kordshouli R5 ; Raeisi A6, 7 ; Nikpour F6, 8 ; Mirolyaei A6 ; Bagheri F9 ; Sedaghat MM10 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Enayati A1
  2. Valadan R2
  3. Bagherzadeh M3
  4. Cheraghpour M3
  5. Nikookar SH4
  6. Fazelidinan M4
  7. Hosseinivasoukolaei N5
  8. Sahraei Rostami F5
  9. Shabani Kordshouli R5
  10. Raeisi A6, 7
  11. Nikpour F6, 8
  12. Mirolyaei A6
  13. Bagheri F9
  14. Sedaghat MM10
  15. Zaim M10
  16. Weetman D11
  17. Hemigway J11
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Immunology and Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Student Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  4. 4. Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  6. 6. Vector Borne Diseases Control Department, Iran CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Environmental Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Hormozgan Provincial Health Center, Department of Communicable Diseases Control, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
  10. 10. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Source: Parasites and Vectors Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases worldwide. The species invaded and became established in southern Iran in 2020. Insecticide-based interventions are primarily used for its control. With insecticide resistance widespread, knowledge of resistance mechanisms is vital for informed deployment of insecticidal interventions, but information from Iranian Ae. aegypti is lacking. Methods: Fifty-six Ae. aegypti specimens were collected from the port city of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan Province in the South of Iran in 2020 and screened for kdr mutations. The most common kdr mutations in Latin America and Asia (V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C), especially when present in combinations, are highly predictive of DDT and pyrethroid resistance were detected. Phylogenetic analyses based on the diversity of S989P and V1016G/I mutations were undertaken to assess the phylogeography of these kdr mutations. Results: Genotyping all four kdr positions of V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C revealed that only 16 out of the 56 (28.57%) specimens were homozygous wild type for all kdr mutation sites. Six haplotypes including VSVF (0.537), VSVC (0.107), LSVF (0.016), LSIF (0.071), VPGC (0.257) and LPGC (0.011) were detected in this study. For the first time, 11 specimens harbouring the V410L mutation, and 8 samples with V1016I mutation were found. V410L and V1016I were coincided in 8 specimens. Also, six specimens contained 1016G/I double mutation which was not reported before. Conclusions: The relatively high frequency of these kdr mutations in Iranian Ae. aegypti indicates a population exhibiting substantial resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which are used widely in control operations and household formulations. The detection of the 410L/1016I kdr mutant haplotype in Iranian Ae. aegypti suggests possible convergence of invasive populations from West Africa or Latin America. However, as Iran has very limited maritime/air connections with those African countries, a Latin American origin for the invasive Ae. aegypti in Iran is more plausible. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2024, The Author(s).
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