Curing Epoxy With Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Pvp) Surface-Functionalized Znxfe3- Xo4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Publisher



Jouyandeh M¹ ; Ganjali MR^{1, 2} ; Ali JA³ ; Aghazadeh M¹ ; Paran SMR¹ ; Naderi G⁴ ; Saeb MR⁵ ; Thomas S⁶ Show Affiliations
Source: Progress in Organic Coatings Published:2019

Abstract

Curing reaction of epoxy nanocomposites depends to a large extent on the microstructure and the functionality of nanoparticles. In this work, cathodic electrochemical deposition was practised in synthesis of bare superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIOs), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated SPIOs (PVP-SPIOs), and zinc (Zn) doped PVP-SPIOs (Zn-doped PVP-SPIOs). The resulting SPIOs were fully characterized with X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) analyses. The results demonstrated formation of highly-curable epoxy nanocomposite by gradual replacement of some iron atoms in the bulk structure of PVP-SPIOs with Zn2+cations (Zn-doped PVP-SPIOs). Analyses also approved successful surface functionalization of PVP-SPIOs nanoparticles according to calculations based on the Cure Index (CI) that quantified cure quality of epoxy in the presence of PVP-SPIOs and Zn-doped PVP-SPIOs. Epoxy/PVP-SPIOs curing under nonisothermal DSC enlarged curing window thanks to dipole–dipole interactions between amid group of PVP and the oxirane rings of epoxy. The cure of epoxy changed from Poor to Good state at high (CI changed from 1.42 to 1.60) and low (CI changed from 1.67 to 1.81) heating rates by changing the bulk of PVP-SPIO via Zn doping. Catalyzing effect of Zn2+ through Lewis acid action was the reason for such phenomenon. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.