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Impact of Nonoptimal Intakes of Saturated, Polyunsaturated, and Trans Fat on Global Burdens of Coronary Heart Disease Publisher Pubmed



Wang Q1 ; Afshin A1 ; Yakoob MY1 ; Singh GM1 ; Rehm CD1 ; Khatibzadeh S1, 4 ; Micha R1 ; Shi P1 ; Mozaffarian D1 ; Ezzati M2 ; Fahimi S3, 5 ; Wirojratana P4 ; Powles J3, 5 ; Elmadfa I6, 32 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Wang Q1
  2. Afshin A1
  3. Yakoob MY1
  4. Singh GM1
  5. Rehm CD1
  6. Khatibzadeh S1, 4
  7. Micha R1
  8. Shi P1
  9. Mozaffarian D1
  10. Ezzati M2
  11. Fahimi S3, 5
  12. Wirojratana P4
  13. Powles J3, 5
  14. Elmadfa I6, 32
  15. Rao M7
  16. Alpert W7
  17. Lim SS8
  18. Engell RE8
  19. Andrews KG9
  20. Abbott PA10, 42
  21. Abdollahi M11
  22. Abeya Gilardon EO12
  23. Ahsan H13
  24. Al Nsour MAA14
  25. Alhooti SN15
  26. Arambepola C16
  27. Fernando DN16
  28. Barennes H17
  29. Barquera S18
  30. Baylin A19
  31. Becker W20
  32. Bjerregaard P21
  33. Bourne LT22
  34. Capanzana MV23
  35. Castetbon K24
  36. Chang HY25
  37. Chen Y26
  38. Cowan MJ27
  39. Riley LM27
  40. De Henauw S28
  41. Ding EL29
  42. Duante CA30
  43. Duran P31
  44. Barbieri HE33
  45. Farzadfar F33
  46. Hadziomeragic AF34
  47. Fisberg RM35
  48. Forsyth S36
  49. Garriguet D36
  50. Gaspoz JM37
  51. Gauci D38
  52. Calleja N38
  53. Ginnela BNV39
  54. Guessous I40
  55. Gulliford MC41
  56. Hadden W10, 42
  57. Haerpfer C10, 42
  58. Hoffman DJ43
  59. Houshiarrad A44
  60. Huybrechts I45
  61. Hwalla NC46
  62. Ibrahim HM47
  63. Inoue M48
  64. Jackson MD49
  65. Johansson L50
  66. Keinanboker L51
  67. Kim CI52
  68. Koksal E53
  69. Lee HJ54
  70. Li Y54
  71. Lipoeto NI55
  72. Ma G56
  73. Mangialavori GL57
  74. Matsumura Y58
  75. Mcgarvey ST59
  76. Fen CM60
  77. Mongerojas RA61
  78. Musaiger AO62
  79. Nagalla B63
  80. Naska A64, 67
  81. Ocke MC65, 89
  82. Oltarzewski M66
  83. Szponar L66
  84. Orfanos P64, 67
  85. Ovaskainen ML68
  86. Tapanainen H68
  87. Pan WH69
  88. Panagiotakos DB70
  89. Pekcan GA71
  90. Petrova S72
  91. Piaseu N73
  92. Pitsavos C74
  93. Posada LG75
  94. Sanchezromero LM76
  95. Selamat RBT77
  96. Sharma S78
  97. Sibai AM78
  98. Sichieri R79
  99. Simmala C80
  100. Steingrimsdottir L81
  101. Swan G82
  102. Sygnowska EH82
  103. Templeton R83
  104. Thanopoulou A83
  105. Thorgeirsdottir H84
  106. Thorsdottir I85
  107. Trichopoulou A85
  108. Tsugane S86
  109. Turrini A87
  110. Vaask S88
  111. Van Oosterhout C65, 89
  112. Veerman JL90
  113. Verena N91
  114. Waskiewicz A91
  115. Zaghloul S92
  116. Zajkas G93
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
  2. 2. Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  3. 3. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  4. 4. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston
  5. 5. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
  7. 7. Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
  8. 8. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
  9. 9. African Leaders Malaria Alliance, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  10. 10. University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  11. 11. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Iran
  12. 12. Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
  13. 13. University of Chicago
  14. 14. Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Jordan
  15. 15. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait
  16. 16. Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
  17. 17. Institut Francophone pour la Medecine Tropicale, Lao PDR
  18. 18. Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica (INSP), Mexico
  19. 19. University of Michigan, United States
  20. 20. National Food Agency, Sweden
  21. 21. National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
  22. 22. Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa
  23. 23. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Philippines
  24. 24. Institut de veille sanitaire, France
  25. 25. National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
  26. 26. New York University School of Medicine
  27. 27. WHO, Switzerland
  28. 28. Ghent University, Department of Public Health, Belgium
  29. 29. Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health
  30. 30. Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Philippines
  31. 31. Direccion Nacional de Maternidad e Infancia, Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, Argentina
  32. 32. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
  33. 33. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
  34. 34. Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  35. 35. Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
  36. 36. Statistics Canada, Canada
  37. 37. Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland
  38. 38. Department of Health Information and Research, Malta
  39. 39. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, India
  40. 40. Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
  41. 41. King's College London, United Kingdom
  42. 42. University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  43. 43. State University of New Jersey, Rutgers
  44. 44. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research, Institute Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
  45. 45. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
  46. 46. American University of Beirut, Lebanon
  47. 47. Ministry of Health, BRN
  48. 48. Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Japan
  49. 49. University of the West Indies, Jamaica
  50. 50. Norwegian Directorate of Health, Norway
  51. 51. Ministry of Health, Israel
  52. 52. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, South Korea
  53. 53. Gazi University, Turkey
  54. 54. Harvard School of Public Health
  55. 55. Andalas University, Indonesia
  56. 56. National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
  57. 57. Ministerio de Salud de la Nacion, National Health Ministry, Argentina
  58. 58. Bunkyo University, Japan
  59. 59. Brown University
  60. 60. Robert Koch Institute, Germany
  61. 61. Costa Rican Institute for Research and Education and Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Costa Rica
  62. 62. Arab Center for Nutrition, Bahrain
  63. 63. National Institute of Nuyrition, Hyderabad, India
  64. 64. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
  65. 65. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
  66. 66. National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland
  67. 67. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Greece
  68. 68. National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
  69. 69. Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Reserch Institutes, Taiwan
  70. 70. Harokopio University, Greece
  71. 71. Hacettepe University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Turkey
  72. 72. National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Bulgaria
  73. 73. Mahidol University, Thailand
  74. 74. Athens University Medical School, Greece
  75. 75. Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
  76. 76. National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
  77. 77. Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
  78. 78. American University of Beirut, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lebanon
  79. 79. State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  80. 80. Institut of Tropical Medecin, Laos
  81. 81. Iceland
  82. 82. National Institute of Cardiology, Poland
  83. 83. Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
  84. 84. Directorate of Health, Iceland
  85. 85. Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece
  86. 86. National Cancer Center, Japan
  87. 87. National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Italy
  88. 88. Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
  89. 89. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
  90. 90. University of Queensland, Australia
  91. 91. Institute of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Epidemiology, Prevention and Health Promotion, Poland
  92. 92. National Nutrition Institute, Egypt
  93. 93. National Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Hungary

Source: Journal of the American Heart Association Published:2016


Abstract

Background: Saturated fat (SFA), x-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), and trans fat (TFA) influence risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but attributable CHD mortalities by country, age, sex, and time are unclear. Methods and Results: National intakes of SFA, n-6 PUFA, and TFA were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model based on country-specific dietary surveys; food availability data; and, for TFA, industry reports on fats/oils and packaged foods. Etiologic effects of dietary fats on CHD mortality were derived from meta-analyses of prospective cohorts and CHD mortality rates from the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study. Absolute and proportional attributable CHD mortality were computed using a comparative risk assessment framework. In 2010, nonoptimal intakes of n-6 PUFA, SFA, and TFA were estimated to result in 711 800 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 680 700-745 000), 250 900 (95% UI 236 900-265 800), and 537 200 (95% UI 517 600-557 000) CHD deaths per year worldwide, accounting for 10.3% (95% UI 9.9%-10.6%), 3.6%, (95% UI 3.5%-3.6%) and 7.7% (95% UI 7.6%-7.9%) of global CHD mortality. Tropical oil-consuming countries were estimated to have the highest proportional n-6 PUFA- and SFAattributable CHD mortality, whereas Egypt, Pakistan, and Canada were estimated to have the highest proportional TFA-attributable CHD mortality. From 1990 to 2010 globally, the estimated proportional CHD mortality decreased by 9% for insufficient n-6 PUFA and by 21% for higher SFA, whereas it increased by 4% for higher TFA, with the latter driven by increases in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusions: Nonoptimal intakes of n-6 PUFA, TFA, and SFA each contribute to significant estimated CHD mortality, with important heterogeneity across countries that informs nation-specific clinical, public health, and policy priorities. © 2016 The Authors.
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