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Contamination of Honey Products by Clostridium Botulinum Spores and Fungi Along With Their Effects on Human Health Publisher



Ebrahimi Y1 ; Ramirezcoronel AA2, 3, 4, 5 ; Aldhalimy AMB6 ; Alfilm RHC7 ; Alhassan M8 ; Obaid RF9 ; Alameri AA10 ; Rastiani F11 ; Khaledian Y12 ; Shokri S13
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Madani Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
  2. 2. Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, Ecuador
  3. 3. University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  4. 4. National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador
  5. 5. CES University, Colombia
  6. 6. Department of Nursing, Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq
  7. 7. Refrigeration & Air-conditioning Technical Engineering Department, College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
  8. 8. Experiential Learning Center Lead, Department of Nursing, University of Calgary in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
  9. 9. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
  10. 10. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
  11. 11. Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  12. 12. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Environmental Health, Food Safety Division, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences Published:2022


Abstract

Bee products, such as honey, are widely consumed as food and medicine. Because of its sticky nature, honey does absorb bacterial spores from dust or bee activity, and their contamination may carry serious health hazards. Databases searched to obtain articles included “Google Scholar”, “SID”, “Scopus”, “PubMed”, “Science Direct”, and “ISI”. Keywords used in this study included Clostridium botulinum, Honey, bees, fungi in their titles. This study focused on published articles from 2016 to 2022. Result showed that this product may contain a great variety of bacteria and particularly, fungi that eventually entered the food chain at an early stage (e.g., via pollen). The ranges of samples with C. botulinum, yeast and mould infections were 0.5%-68%, 15.78%-100% and 17.22-100%, respectively. Overall, the amount of honey contaminated with Cl. botulinum spores, yeast, and molds in some of the samples that were evaluated was nil, however certain samples from the Lithuanian Kazakh, Turkey, and Brazil regions exhibited varying levels of contamination. © The Author(s).
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