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Exploring the Zein/58S Bioactive Glass Nanocomposite for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Investigation of Structural, Chemical, Biological, and Osteogenic Properties Through in Vitro and in Vivo Studies Publisher



Esmaeili Ranjbar F1 ; Mohandesnezhad S2 ; Mirzaeiparsa MJ3, 4 ; Asadi F1 ; Divanpour S5 ; Karimabad MN1 ; Vatanparast M1 ; Mirzaei MR1 ; Hassanshahi G1 ; Tayebi L6, 7 ; Esmaeili Ranjbar A8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  4. 4. Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Civil Engineering, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran
  6. 6. Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, 53233, WI, United States
  7. 7. Institute for Engineering in Medicine, Health, & Human Performance (EnMed), Batten College of Engineering and Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 23529, VA, United States
  8. 8. Emergency Department, Ali Ebn Abitaleb Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

Source: Journal of Polymers and the Environment Published:2025


Abstract

Bone tissue engineering has emerged as an innovative approach for repairing and regenerating bone defects. This study focuses on the development of new scaffolds with key attributes, including biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, cost effectiveness, and safety. In this investigation, we designed and synthesized a novel nanofibrous scaffold using the electrospinning method, incorporating zein/58S bioactive glass. The manufactured scaffolds underwent comprehensive characterization for morphology, sustainability, and chemical structure. Moreover, to demonstrate their efficacy in bone healing, we quantified essential factors such as biodegradation rate, contact angle, mechanical strength, bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and cell adherence. Following that, the osteogenesis effect of scaffolds was evaluated in vitro as well as in vivo through implanting them in the calvarium of the rats. Specifically, we conducted detailed investigations using alizarin red staining, real-time PCR, and histopathology, along with immunohistochemistry assessments. Based on our results, the fiber diameters were about 160.2 ± 7 nm, 163.5 ± 38.3 nm, and 164 ± 39.3 nm, respectively for zein, 2%BG, and 4%BG mats. Incorporation of 58 S increased contact angle from 96.03 ± 0.7° to 51.7 ± 2.02°, and consequently improved cell adhesion. The degradation rate of all scaffolds was about 20%, and chemical analysis (FTIR) confirmed the presence of 58 S in zein nanoscale mats. Tensile analysis presented that applying bioactive glass rescued Young’s modulus from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.08 ± 0.009 MPa. Meanwhile, other results revealed that 4%BG scaffolds exhibit desirable properties, being porous, safe, bioactive, and osteogenic. These findings robustly affirm the competence and potential of the manufactured nanofibrous scaffold containing 4%BG for applications in bone tissue engineering. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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