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Fluoride Ion in the Air of the Kuhbanan Region, Iran, an Area With a High Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis Among Students.



Poureslami P1 ; Sharifi M1 ; Salari Z1 ; Mahvi AH2 ; Hasheminejad N3 ; Gisour EF1 ; Arefi AH4 ; Poureslami H5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research and School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  5. 5. Oral and Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Source: Fluoride Published:2023

Abstract

Severe forms of dental fluorosis is commonly reported in Kuhbanan, Iran. The extensive discoloration can be justified to a large extent by the high fluoride levels in drinking and agricultural water of the region. However its high intensity brings other factors to mind, such as the level of fluoride in the breathing air of inhabitants. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess fluoride levels in the air of Kuhbanan region. Twelve air samples were obtained from different areas of Kuhbanan region (center of the city and village of Jevar) and city of Kerman. The NIOSH7902 method was used to determine the concentration of air fluoride in the target areas. Fluoride levels of each sample were obtained with the two following methods to increase the accuracy; 1-Fluoride Ion-Selective Electrode system and 2-additive system of Zirconium-Cyanine reagent and spectrophotometer. Finally data were analysed using SPSS software version 26 and the statistical test: Mann-Whitney test. Significance level was set at 0.05. Fluoride levels in the air of Kuhbanan and the village of Jevar was significantly higher than the city of Kerman. Mean±SD of fluoride level in the air in Kuhbanan city and Jevar village was 0.520±0.033 and 0.905±0.104 mg/m3, respectively. In contrast, in the air of Kerman city it was 0.141±0.041 mg/m3. The differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). Fluoride levels in the air of Kuhbanan and the village of Jevar is more than the city of Kerman. Many coal mines exist close to Kuhbanan and the village of Jevar and high levels of fluoride are emitted into the air. It is suggested that the fluoride level in the soil of this region also be determined. The findings of this study are important for the inhabitants and policy makers. © 2023, International Society for Fluoride Research. All rights reserved.
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