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Use of Microwave Ablation for Thermal Treatment of Solid Tumors With Different Shapes and Sizes-A Computational Approach Publisher Pubmed



Tehrani MHH1 ; Soltaniid M1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ; Kashkooli FM1 ; Raahemifar K6, 7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  4. 4. Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  5. 5. Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, Oman
  7. 7. Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  8. 8. Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA, United States

Source: PLoS ONE Published:2020


Abstract

Microwave Ablation (MWA) is one of the most recent developments in the field of thermal therapy. This approach is an effective method for thermal tumor ablation by increasing the temperature above the normal physiological threshold to kill cancer cells with minimum side effects to surrounding organs due to rapid heat dispersive tissues. In the present study, the effects of the shape and size of the tumor on MWA are investigated. To obtain the temperature gradient, coupled bio-heat and electromagnetic equations are solved using a threedimensional finite element method (FEM). To extract cellular response at different temperatures and times, the three-state mathematical model was employed to achieve the ablation zone size. Results show that treatment of larger tumors is more difficult than that of smaller ones. By doubling the diameter of the tumor, the percentage of dead cancer cells is reduced by 20%. For a spherical tumor smaller than 2 cm, applying 50Winput power compared to 25Whas no significant effects on treatment efficiency and only increases the risk of damage to adjacent tissues. However, for tumors larger than 2 cm, it can increase the ablation zone up to 21%. In the spherical and oblate tumors, the mean percentage of dead cells at 6 GHz is nearly 30% higher than that at 2.45GHz, but for prolate tumors, treatment efficacy is reduced by 10% at a higher frequency. Moreover, the distance between two slots in the coaxial double slot antenna is modified based on the best treatment of prolate tumors. The findings of this study can be used to choose the optimum frequency and the best antenna design according to the shape and size of the tumor. © 2020 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.
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