Molecular Biology, Genetic, and Epigenetics of Testis Tumor Publisher



D Taheri DIANA ; Snh Dorgaheh Seyedeh Negin HASHEMI ; A Mirzae AKRAM ; Im Oskooee Iman MENBARI ; N Rahimdoost NAZANIN ; M Akbarzadeh MARYAM
Source: Published:2024

Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common malignancy in men aged 15-35 and account for 95% of testicular cancer cases. The remaining 5% arise from non-germ cells. TGCTs originate from mal-regulated germ cells that become precursors known as germ cell neoplasia in situ. The highest incidence rates are found in industrialized Northern European countries, while African nations exhibit the lowest rates globally. Testicular tumors have both genetic and environmental risk factors, including having a father with testicular cancer, prenatal exposure to chemicals, and conditions such as cryptorchidism and Klinefelter syndrome. The current treatment for testicular tumors consists of orchiectomy followed by cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, nearly 20% of patients fail to respond to platinum therapies, and side effects such as hearing loss, nephrotoxicity, and chronic fatigue impact quality of life. Examining the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of testicular cancer may enable improved risk stratification and clinical decision-making, including determining chemotherapy response or resistance and elucidating ethnic/racial disparities in testicular cancer epidemiology. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.