Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Iranian Elderly Population: A Nationwide Claims-Based Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Kharaghani M A ; Kianipour R ; Ataei S M N ; Ebrahimpour S ; Shahali Z ; Golestani A ; Tabatabaei Malazy O
Source: BMJ open Published:2026

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the elderly is associated with adverse outcomes and increased healthcare use. We aimed to estimate its prevalence and pattern among the elderly population of Iran using the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria. DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based observational study. SETTING: Nationwide data of Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) prescription claims from 24 provinces (21 March 2014 to 19 March 2017). PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged ≥60 years with at least one prescription in the dataset were included. The study comprised 2 696 300 older adults who received 28 575 400 prescriptions. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Using a two-stage curation process, we selected STOPP version 3 criteria that could be operationalised from dispensing data alone (age, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code, dose, duration and concurrent use). For each criterion, we calculated prescription and patient level PIP prevalence overall and among at-risk prescriptions. RESULTS: Across the curated STOPP criteria, 313 315 prescriptions issued to 131 012 patients met at least one PIP criterion. The most frequent PIPs were concurrent beta blocker and diltiazem use (99 027 prescriptions; 1.26% of patients), benzodiazepine therapy ≥4 weeks (89 240 prescriptions; 1.60% of patients), ≥2 anticholinergic drugs (47 079 prescriptions; 0.78% of patients) and concomitant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug plus anticoagulant (25 685 prescriptions; 0.38% of patients). PIPs involving acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, ticlopidine, clonidine and methyldopa were rare. CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide claims-based study, about 5% of elderly Iranians were exposed to PIPs, particularly chronic benzodiazepine use, excessive anticholinergic burden and high-risk cardiovascular and antithrombotic combinations. Our findings provide concrete targets for claims-based surveillance and interventions to improve prescribing safety in Iran's ageing population. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.