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Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches Publisher Pubmed



Soleimani H1 ; Najdaghi S2 ; Davani DN2 ; Dastjerdi P1 ; Samimisedeh P3 ; Shayesteh H1 ; Sattartabar B1 ; Masoudkabir F1 ; Ashraf H1 ; Mehrani M1 ; Jenab Y1 ; Hosseini K1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Karaj, Iran

Source: Clinical Cardiology Published:2025


Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading global cause of mortality. This study explores predictors of in-hospital mortality among AMI patients using advanced machine learning (ML) techniques. Methods: Data from 7422 AMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Tehran Heart Center (2015–2021) were analyzed. Fifty-eight clinical, demographic, and laboratory variables were evaluated. Seven ML algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), logistic regression with LASSO, and XGBoost, were implemented. The data set was divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) subsets, with fivefold cross-validation. The class imbalance was addressed using the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). Model predictions were interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Results: In-hospital mortality occurred in 129 patients (1.74%). RF achieved the highest predictive performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.924 (95% CI 0.893–0.954), followed by XGBoost (AUC 0.905) and logistic regression with LASSO (AUC 0.893). Sensitivity analysis in STEMI patients confirmed RF's robust performance (AUC 0.900). SHAP analysis identified key predictors, including lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 33.24% vs. 43.46% in survivors, p < 0.001), higher fasting blood glucose (190.38 vs. 132.29 mg/dL, p < 0.001), elevated serum creatinine, advanced age (70.92 vs. 61.88 years, p < 0.001), and lower LDL-C levels. Conversely, BMI showed no significant association (p = 0.456). Conclusion: ML algorithms, particularly RF, effectively predict in-hospital mortality in AMI patients, highlighting critical predictors such as LVEF and biochemical markers. These insights offer valuable tools for enhancing clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. © 2025 The Author(s). Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC.
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