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Biguanidylated Chitosan Nanofiber Scaffold: A Green Approach to Promote Osteogenesis in Calvarial Bone Regeneration Publisher



Saber M1 ; Shaabani A1 ; Sedghi R1 ; Motasadizadeh H2 ; Salimiyan N1 ; Gholami M1 ; Nouri Z3 ; Motedayen M4 ; Dinarvand R4, 5, 6 ; Shahmahmoudi Z7, 8 ; Haramshahi SMA7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Polymer and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
  2. 2. Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Carbohydrate Polymers Published:2025


Abstract

Developing advanced materials for calvarial bone defects is crucial due to the limitations of conventional scaffolds. Chitosan (CS) is biocompatible and promotes bone growth, but its poor water solubility and weak mechanical properties limit its effectiveness. This study introduces a green method to create water-soluble chitosan-based scaffolds to overcome these drawbacks while enhancing antibacterial activity. Biguanidylated chitosan (CSG) was synthesized and combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to fabricate a novel electrospun nanofiber scaffold (PCSG) using water as the solvent, with heat treatment improving its stability in aqueous environments without additional chemicals. Compared to conventional CS/PVA (PCS) scaffolds, PCSG showed superior properties. Notably, PCSG40 demonstrated a 2.07-fold increase in ultimate tensile strength, a 2.13-fold increase in elongation at break, and a 1.58-fold increase in compressive strength over PCS40. In vitro assays confirmed PCSG40's non-cytotoxicity towards human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) and revealed up to 25 % higher expression of osteogenic differentiation markers compared to PCS40. In vivo implantation in rat calvarial defects demonstrated that the PCSG40 scaffold promoted over 35 % more bone regeneration than PCS40. Additionally, it exhibited significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings highlight the promising potential of PCSG40 scaffold for calvarial bone tissue engineering. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd