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Efficacy of Adjunctive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Mechanical Debridement in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis or Peri-Implant Mucositis in Smokers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Shahmohammadi R1 ; Younespour S2 ; Paknejad M1 ; Chiniforush N3, 4 ; Heidari M5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  5. 5. Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Photochemistry and Photobiology Published:2022


Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) in peri-implant diseases improves clinical outcomes in smokers. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The primary outcome measures were bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth (PD). Plaque index (PI) was the secondary outcome. Four RCTs, (188 participants) comprised of 118 cigarette smokers, 38 E-cig smokers and 32 water pipe smokers with follow-up periods ranged from 6 weeks to 6 months were recruited. All trials applied diode laser in one session with wavelengths ranged from 660 to 670 nm. There was a significant difference between mechanical debridement (MD)+a-PDT and MD alone groups in PD (WMD = −1.26 mm, 95% CI: −2.19 to −0.32, P = 0.01) and PI (WMD = −10.60%, 95% CI: −14.46 to −6.74, P < 0.001) at 3-month follow-up. However, a great amount of heterogeneity was observed (PD: χ2 = 199.19, I2 = 98%, P < 0.001 and PI: χ2 = 25.63, I2 = 84.4%, P < 0.001). Due to methodological heterogeneity and small number of studies, this systematic review was unable to reach conclusive evidence in regards of adjunctive a-PDT efficacy in improving clinical parameters in smokers. © 2021 American Society for Photobiology
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