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Independent, Modified, and Interacting Effects of Long-Term Noise, Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, and Shift Work Exposures on Liver Enzymes Publisher Pubmed



Khosravipour M1 ; Ghanbari Kakavandi M2, 3 ; Gharagozlou F2, 3 ; Nadri F2, 3 ; Barzegar A2, 3 ; Emami K2 ; Valadi Athar H4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Research center for Environmental Determinant of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Source: Environmental Pollution Published:2023


Abstract

To quantify long-term independent, modified, and interacting effects of noise, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), and shift work exposures on liver enzymes, a four-year repeated measures study was performed among male workers in a thermal power plant industry from 2016 to 2020. The 8-h equivalent sound pressure levels (Leq) were measured at weighting channels of Z, A, and C for octave-band frequencies. The 8-h time-weighted average of ELF-EMFs levels was measured for each participant. Shift work schedule was determined based on job titles, including 3-rotating night shift work and fixed day shift work schedules. The fasting blood samples were taken to determine liver enzymes (AST, Aspartate transaminase; ALT, Alanine transaminase). The percentage change (PC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of AST and ALT enzymes were estimated by the different bootstrapped-mixed-effects linear regression models. Per 10-dB noise increase, we found a significantly higher PC (95% CI) of AST and ALT (only LAeq) levels in all regression models with the highest changes for LAeq. For the octave-band noise analysis, there was an upward trend from 31.5 Hz to 1 kHz frequencies and a downward trend from 1 to 8 kHz frequencies. Per 1 mG ELF-EMFs increase, we observed a significantly higher PC (95% CI) of AST and ALT enzymes in the main adjusted and the main adjusted + shift work models. The 3-rotating night than fixed day shift workers had a significant PC in the unadjusted model for AST enzyme and the fully adjusted and the main adjusted + ELF-EMFs models for ALT enzyme. Significant negative two-way or/and three-way interaction effects among the noise, ELF-EMFs, and shift work were observed for both AST and ALT enzymes. Our findings indicated long-term noise, ELF-EMFs, and 3-rotating night shift work exposures may be significantly associated with changes in the levels of liver enzymes. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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Experts (# of related papers)
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