Molecular Mechanisms Associated With Quinolone Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: Review and Update Publisher Pubmed



Azargun R¹ ; Gholizadeh P² ; Sadeghi V³ ; Hosainzadegan H¹ ; Tarhriz V⁴ ; Memar MY⁵ ; Pormohammad A⁶ ; Eyvazi S⁷ Show Affiliations
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Published:2020

Abstract

Background: Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are used for the treatment of different infectious diseases associated with Enterobacteriaceae. During recent decades, the wide use as well as overuse of quinolones against diverse infections has led to the emergence of quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Herein, we present the development of quinolone antibiotics, their function and also the different quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae by reviewing recent literature. Methods: All datawere extracted fromGoogle Scholar search engine and PubMed site, using keywords; quinolone resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, etc. Results and conclusion: The acquisition of resistance to quinolones is a complex andmultifactorial process. The main resistance mechanisms consist of one or a combination of target-site gene mutations altering the drugbinding affinity of target enzymes. Other mechanisms of quinolone resistance are overexpression of AcrAB-tolC multidrug-resistant efflux pumps and downexpression of porins as well as plasmid-encoded resistance proteins including Qnr protection proteins, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC(6′)-Ib-cr) and plasmid-encoded active efflux pumps such as OqxAB and QepA. The elucidation of resistancemechanisms will help researchers to explore new drugs against the resistant strains. © 2020 The Author(s).