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Iodine Status of Preterm Infants Born in an Area of Iodine Sufficiency: Are They at Risk of Iodine Deficiency? Publisher Pubmed



Nazeri P1 ; Akbarzadeh M1 ; Pearce EN2 ; Hedayati M3 ; Dalili H1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Breastfeeding Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
  3. 3. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Endocrine Practice Published:2022


Abstract

Objective: To the assess the iodine status of preterm infants born in an area of iodine sufficiency using the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and compare these values across different feeding practices during the first 7 days of life. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 88 preterm infants born at 30 to 34 weeks of gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a referral hospital in Tehran (Iran) were included. The infant UIC and TSH levels and breast milk iodine concentration in mothers who were exclusively breastfeeding were measured. Results: Median (interquartile range [IQR]) UIC and TSH levels in the study population were 81 (39-189) μg/L and 1.60 (0.80-2.85) mIU/L, respectively. When preterm infants were stratified by the type of feeding, the median (IQR) UICs were 64 (42-126) μg/L in parenteral nutrition, 125 (41-195) μg/L in exclusively breastfeeding, 57 (28-123) μg/L in formula feeding, and 45 (35-132) μg/L in mixed feeding, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = .31). The median (IQR) breast milk iodine concentration was 271 (177-521) μg/L in preterm infants exclusively fed their mothers’ own milk. There was no significant difference in the proportion of the TSH levels of >5 mIU/L between preterm infants who received enteral and parenteral nutrition (P = .27). Conclusion: Preterm infants are at risk of iodine deficiency even in an area where the general population has adequate iodine. Only the preterm infants who received exclusively their mothers’ own milk had marginally adequate iodine status. Further studies are warranted to determine the necessity of iodine supplementation for this vulnerable group. © 2022 AACE
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