Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Factors Among People Living With Hiv in Kerman, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2021-2022 Publisher Pubmed



Rashidi H^{1, 2, 10} ; Mehmandoost S^{1, 2, 10} ; Fahimfar N³ ; Aghaei Meybodi HR⁴ ; Hosseinian SM^{5, 9} ; Shirzad N⁶ ; Hajivalizade F⁷ ; Sanjari M^{8, 11, 13} ; Shakibi MR^{5, 9} ; Hasan Aghaei T^{5, 9} ; Yazdi Yahaabadi F^{5, 9} ; Salajegheh P¹² ; Shafiee G^{8, 11, 13} ; Razi F¹⁴ Show All Authors
Source: Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care Published:2025

Abstract

Chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) are significant public health concerns for people living with HIV (PLWH), especially with the increased life expectancy because of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This study evaluated the prevalence and associated factors of low BMD among 94 PLWH in Kerman, Iran, from September 2021 to February 2022. Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, BMD was measured, with low BMD defined by specific T-scores and Z-scores. Predictors were assessed through interviews, medical records, and blood tests. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models identified associations between low BMD and various factors. The study found a 51.1% prevalence of low BMD, with significant associations with hypogonadism (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.19), longer ART duration (aOR per month: 1.02), and lower body mass index (aOR per unit: 0.83). The findings highlight the need for regular screening and timely intervention for low BMD among PLWH, particularly with prolonged ART use. Copyright © 2025 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.