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Diagnostic Value of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Targeted Pet Imaging in Oncology: A Systematic Review Publisher



Mohseninia N1 ; Eisazadeh R1 ; Mirshahvalad SA1, 2 ; Zamanisiahkali N1, 3 ; Hormann AA1 ; Pirich C1 ; Iagaru A4 ; Beheshti M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
  2. 2. Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Medical Imaging Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  3. 3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine Published:2025


Abstract

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), overexpressed in various cancers, is a promising target for positron emission tomography (PET). This systematic review investigated the diagnostic value of GRPR-targeted PET imaging in oncology. A systematic search was conducted on major medical databases until May 23, 2024. Keywords were modified to include clinical original studies on GRPR-targeted PET in cancer patients. Out of 1624 searched studies initially, 107 were eligible for the full-text review. Overall, data from 38 studies met inclusion criteria, investigating GRPR-targeting radiotracers in breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and gliomas (including optic pathway glioma and glioblastoma multiforme). In breast cancer, GRPR-targeted PET effectively detected primary tumours and metastases, particularly in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients, and predicted treatment response. In prostate cancer, high sensitivity (up to 88%) and specificity (up to 90%) for detecting primary tumours were observed, providing added value when combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In biochemical recurrence, sites of prostate cancer were identified even at PSA levels below 0.5ng/dL. Compared with PSMA PET, GRPR-targeted PET showed comparable or superior detection rates. Considering GIST, GRPR-targeted PET imaging proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly when [18F] FDG PET results were inconclusive. Regarding gliomas, GRPR-targeted PET achieved a 100% detection rate (MRI reference), aiding localization, preoperative planning, and differentiation between recurrence and malignant transformation. GRPR-targeted PET shows promise in improving cancer diagnostics, particularly in ER-positive breast cancer, prostate cancer, and gliomas, and may enhance clinical decision-making. © 2025
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