Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Air Assisted Ligandless Emulsification Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration of Some Heavy Metals in Biological and Environmental Samples Publisher Pubmed



Ezoddin M¹ ; Lamei N^{2, 3} ; Siami F¹ ; Abdi K^{2, 3} ; Karimi MA¹ Show Affiliations
Source: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Published:2018

Abstract

In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on air-assisted ligandless emulsification liquid–liquid microextraction method (DES-AA-LL-ELLME) was considered for preconcentration and extraction of some metals (Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu). A 1:1 mixture of the synthesized DES and triethylamine was added as an extractant to extract metal ions in the absence of chelating agent. Tetrahydrofuran as the aprotic solvent provided a turbid state. To disperse the aggregated DES droplets into the aqueous phase, air-assisted was performed. The influence of several effective parameters was monitored. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection were found in the range of 0.31–0.99 µg L−1 with preconcentration factor from 67 to 69. The relative standard deviation (n = 10) was in the range of 2.1%–3.1% for all analytes. This procedure was applied to determine some metals in both biological and environmental samples with appropriate recoveries about 98.7%–106%. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.