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Probiotics and Prebiotics Publisher



Adeli I1 ; Habibi F1 ; Badami N2 ; Abdollahi M1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Encyclopedia of Food Safety# Second Edition# Volume 1-4 Published:2023


Abstract

Despite the long history of safe use and the potential health benefits of probiotics, the incidence of adverse effects associated with probiotics remains a concern. Many studies have referred to some risks regarding the widespread use of probiotics, which is a matter of concern. Probiotics' most significant adverse effects include endocarditis, gastrointestinal side effects, skin complications, deleterious metabolic activities, antibiotic resistance gene transfer to the normal microbial flora, and the potential for pathogenicity and infectious conditions. Available evidence suggests a careful re-evaluation of cautions and regulations of the use of probiotics in humans. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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