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Prevalence of Food Allergy and Its Association With Atopic Dermatitis in Iran: Results From the Persian Birth Cohort Publisher



Jungles K1 ; Sharafkhah M2 ; Bansal K1 ; Isfahani MM2 ; Qamar N3 ; Eghtesad S2 ; Kelishadi R4 ; Danaei N5 ; Mehrparvar AH6 ; Hakimi H7 ; Poustchi H8 ; Mahdavinia M1, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, United States
  2. 2. Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill, United States
  4. 4. Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  6. 6. Industrial Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  7. 7. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  8. 8. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, UT Health Houston, Houston, Tex, United States

Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global Published:2025


Abstract

Background: The incidence of food allergy (FA) has been increasing worldwide, causing growing concern on a global scale. Objective: This birth cohort study analyzes the incidence of reported FA and other atopic comorbidities in children from birth to age 2 years who were living in 4 urban and semiurban areas in Iran. Methods: Children were followed from birth until age 24 months, with follow-up questionnaires administered through parent or guardian interviews conducted when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: The rate of physician-diagnosed FA reported by parents or guardians was higher than expected, with a cumulative incidence of 7.7% in children younger than 24 months. The highest prevalence of FA was found in Yazd, the most urban of the 4 cities studied. Breast-feeding was associated with a decreased cumulative risk of FA at age 12 months, with only 5% of breast-fed children developing parent-reported pediatrician-diagnosed FA compared with 13% of infants who never received breast milk after birth. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insight into the incidence of FA in the Middle East, which has previously not been reported on, and it is crucial in our understanding of global FA prevalence. The study demonstrates a high incidence of FA in an area with historically lower rates and confirms that breast-feeding does prevent FA during infancy in this population. © 2024 The Author(s)
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