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Two Cox-2 Inhibitors Induce Apoptosis in Human Erythroleukemia K562cells by Modulating Nf-Κb and Fhc Pathways Publisher Pubmed



Norouzi S1 ; Norouzi M1 ; Amini M2 ; Amanzadeh A3 ; Nabiuni M1 ; Irian S1 ; Salimi M4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, P.O. Box 1481765544, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13164, Tehran, Iran

Source: DARU# Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Published:2016


Abstract

Background: Leukemia is distinguished by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes. Although there has been some progress in developing novel cancer therapies, no significant improvement was observed in the overall survival rate over the last decade. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are known to inhibit tumor growth by exerting antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of COX -dependent and independent pathways. The ability of two new triaryl-oxadiazole derivatives, compounds A (3-(4-chlorophenyl) -5-(4-flurophenyl)-4-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole) and B (3,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-Phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole), to induce apoptosis in human erythroleukemia K562 cells was evaluated and the upstream mechanism was investigated. Methods: K562 cells were treated with compounds A and B at their IC50 concentrations and analyzed by DAPI staining and Annexin-V-FLUOS labelling solution. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation was evaluated by TransAM kit. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, ferritin heavy chain (FHC), extra cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-ERK and early growth response protein-1 (Egr1) levels were determined using Western blotting, while c-Myc mRNA level was investigated by RT-PCR. Results: Changes in nuclear morphology and the increased annexin-V/PI staining revealed the apoptotic cell death in compounds A- and B-treated K562 cells. A significant reduction in NF-κB activity as well as FHC and p-ERK levels were detected in these cells. No change was observed in the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, COX-2, c-Myc and Egr1, following treatment with the two compounds. Collectively, compounds A and B potentiate apoptosis as shown by DAPI staining, flowcytometry, FHC and p-ERK downregulation and NF-κB inactivation. Conclusion: Two compounds induce apoptosis in a COX-2-independent manner which also appears to be independent from mitochondria, caspase and c-Myc/Egr1 pathways. © 2016 Norouzi et al.