A Systematic Review of the Impact of Climate Factors on Cardiovascular Diseases in Iran Publisher



Vahidikolur R ; Namvar Z ; Fallah S ; Ahmadi F ; Hasanzadeh V ; Hopke PK ; Rahmatinia M
Source: Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health Published:2025

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and a major contributor to morbidity worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that climate change is a significant risk factor. Given Iran’s diverse climate and the high burden of CVDs, the country is particularly vulnerable to the effects of meteorological factors on cardiovascular health. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effect of exposure to climate factors and cardiovascular outcomes in Iran. The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched for articles published from January 2000 to February 2025. Twenty-five articles were included in the systematic review after titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened. The results showed that exposure to cold temperature increases cardiovascular risk through physiological changes, including increased blood pressure and blood viscosity. High temperatures were significantly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospital admissions. Air pollution modifies these relationships in some regions but not in others. These findings highlight the need for climate-responsive healthcare policies that are consistent with Iran's regional climate patterns. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.