From X to Z: Generational Differences in Ageism Among Iranian Nurses Publisher Pubmed



Rajabi M M ; Talesh M ; Negarandeh R ; Fomani F K
Source: BMC Research Notes Published:2026

Abstract

Objective: Ageism is a form of discrimination based on age. It is defined as negative attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors toward older individuals. In healthcare settings, ageism can lead to reduced care quality, patient dissatisfaction, and poorer health outcomes. One potential factor contributing to ageism among healthcare providers is generational differences. Nurses from different generational cohorts (X, Y, and Z) have differences in socialization, experience, and cultural context, which can lead to variation in ageism. This study aimed to investigate generational differences in ageism among nurses in Iran, specifically examining ageism across Generation X, Y, and Z nurses. A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 nurses working at two major referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited using stratified random sampling. They were categorized into three generational groups: Generation X (45–60 years), Generation Y (29–44 years), and Generation Z (22–28 years). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and a validated ageism scale. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, post hoc tests, and hierarchical regression. Results: Significant differences were observed in total ageism scores across generational cohorts. Generation Z nurses reported the highest scores (52.19 ± 7.95), followed by Generation Y (45.93 ± 5.96) and Generation X (43.71 ± 7.90). Post hoc analyses indicated that Generation Z scored significantly higher on ageism than both Generation Y and Generation X (P < 0.001). Hierarchical regression confirmed that generational cohort remained a significant predictor of ageism after adjusting for demographic variables, with Generation Z exhibiting higher scores (P < 0.001). These results highlight generational differences in ageism, with Generation Z nurses displaying higher total scores. This suggests the need for targeted interventions, such as geriatric education, communication skills training, and mentorship programs, to reduce ageist attitudes among younger nurses. Further research is required to explore the underlying causes of these generational differences and develop strategies to mitigate ageism in nursing practice. © The Author(s) 2026.