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New Biomarkers Based on Smoking- Related Phenotypes for Smoking Cessation Outcomes of Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Prospective Study Publisher



Nikkholgh A1 ; Ebrahimi SA2 ; Bakhshi E3 ; Zarrindast MR4, 5 ; Asgari Y6 ; Torkamanboutorabi A1, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Published:2021


Abstract

Introduction: Identifying a potent biomarker for smoking cessation can play a key role in predicting prognosis and improving treatment outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of new biomarkers based on the levels of Cotinine (Cot) and carbon monoxide (CO) to the short- and long-term quit rates of nicotine replacement therapies (Nicotine Patch [NP] and Nicotine Lozenge [NL]). Methods: In this prospective interventional study, 124 smokers under treatment with the 5A's method were selected from an outpatient smoking cessation center in district 18 of Tehran City, Iran. The study was conducted from April 2016 to December 2018. They were divided into NP (n=56) and NL (n=61) intervention groups. The levels of Cot and CO were measured using ELISA and breath analysis at the beginning of the study. Three markers were calculated: Cot/ CO, Cot to cigarette per day ratio (Cot/CPD), and CO/CPD. Binary logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations models were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 to determine the chances of quitting smoking. Results: Of the NP participants, 30.4% and 19.6% were abstinent after 2 and 6 months, respectively, while NL was found less effective with 19.7% for 2-month follow-up and 13.1% for 6-month follow-up. The 6-month success of quitting attempts was significantly different for the NP participants at the second half of Cot/CO (P=0.029). Of the NL participants, CO/CPD would be a superior predictor for smoking cessation success (P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested two markers of Cot/CO and CO/CPD in this order for the optimum treatment outcomes of NP and NL. © 2021 Iran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.