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Comparison of the Effect of Intermittent Fasting With Mediterranean Diet on Glycemic, Lipid, and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Publisher Pubmed



S Dehghani SHAKILA ; Nn Tarei Narges NAIMI ; M Masoumvand MOHAMMAD ; E Ramezani ELMIRA ; Vr Askari Vahid REZA
Authors

Source: Current Hypertension Reviews Published:2025


Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is becoming more prevalent over time. Research has shown that the Mediterranean diet (MD) and intermittent fasting (IF) can improve the metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, there has yet to be a study comparing the effectiveness of these two diets in diabetic patients. This review aims to compare the impact of the Mediterranean diet and intermittent fasting on glycemic, lipid, and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We selected clinical trial studies published between 2013 and 2023 that examined the impact of the MD and the IF diet on glycemic, lipid, and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes, in the PubMed and Scopus databases on November 23, 2023, and were included in our study following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 22 clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were chosen. Out of these, 13 clinical trials focused on the impact of the Mediterranean diet, while the remaining trials examined the effects of the IF diet on type 2 diabetes. The age range of participants in all studies was above 18 years, with the number of individuals investigated ranging from 9 to 557. The duration of the interventions varied from 1 week to 8 years. The MD and IF have both have been shown to effectively improve glycemic control, lipid profiles, and anthropometric measurements in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the MD tends to offer more consistent and sustainable long-term benefits. This can be attributed to its rich composition of antioxidants, healthy fats, and dietary fiber. IF has demonstrated potential benefits for improving blood sugar levels and lipid profiles over short periods. However, its effectiveness may be compromised by the risk of hypoglycemia and the inconsistent commitment of patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the MD is preferable for long-term, while IF may serve as a complementary short-term strategy. Further research in this area is necessary to provide a definitive opinion. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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