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Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With Covid-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Publisher



Nourimajd S1 ; Ebrahimzadeh A2 ; Mousavi SM3 ; Zargarzadeh N4 ; Eslami M5 ; Santos HO6 ; Taghizadeh M2 ; Milajerdi A2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  3. 3. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  6. 6. School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil

Source: Frontiers in Nutrition Published:2022


Abstract

Background and Aims: Magnesium is an anti-inflammatory mineral that plays a role in the innate immune system, and the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle warrants additional attention in COVID-19. This study examined the association between magnesium intake and COVID-19 severity and related symptoms in hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done enrolling 250 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 65 years. A validated 168-item online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary magnesium intake. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines were used to determine COVID-19 severity, and symptoms were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed (Model 1: age, sex, and energy intake; Model 2: Model 1 + physical activity, supplements, corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs; Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index). Results: The mean age of participants was 44.1 ± 12.1 years, and 46% of them had severe COVID-19. Patients at the highest tertile of dietary magnesium intake had lower serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP (11.8 ± 2.2 vs. 29.5 ± 2.1 mg/L, p < 0.001) and ESR (15.8 ± 2.4 vs. 34.7 ± 2.4 mm/hr, p < 0.001), than those at the lowest tertile. After controlling for potential confounders, we observed that a higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower odds of severe COVID-19 (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15–0.70). Also, we found a significant inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and odds of COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: We found that higher intake of dietary magnesium was inversely associated with COVID-19 severity and symptoms. Copyright © 2022 Nouri-Majd, Ebrahimzadeh, Mousavi, Zargarzadeh, Eslami, Santos, Taghizadeh and Milajerdi.
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1. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Different Vitamins and Minerals in Covid-19 Patients, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology (2022)
2. Association of Recent and Long-Term Supplement Intakes With Laboratory Indices in Patients With Covid-19 in Tehran, Iran, During 2020, Frontiers in Nutrition (2022)
3. Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated With Severity of Covid-19 and Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study, Frontiers in Medicine (2022)
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