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Trichoscopic Findings in Children and Adults With Alopecia Areata: A Comparative Study Publisher Pubmed



Aryanian Z1, 2, 3 ; Najafi M1 ; Ansari M1, 2 ; Nassimi M1, 2 ; Etesami I1, 2 ; Heidari S1 ; Khayyat A4 ; Hatami P1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Dermatology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  4. 4. PGY2 resident physician, Pathology Department of Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States

Source: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Alopecia areata is a chronic and relapsing condition that affects individuals of all age groups. Dermoscopy is a popular and non-invasive method for diagnosing alopecia areata. This study aimed to analyze dermoscopic findings and their relationship with age, gender, appearance, and clinical signs in children and adults. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 children and adults diagnosed with alopecia areata who were referred to a Hospital in Iran between 2021 and 2022. After reaching the calculated sample size, trichoscopic findings were examined and the results were recorded. Data analysis was performed by a statistician and presented in relevant tables. Results: The participants in the study comprised 53.2% female children, 46.8% male children, 27.42% adult males, and 72.58% adult females. The median age in the pediatric group was 10 years, while it was 27 years in the adult group. Yellow dots were significantly less observed in children than in adults (29% vs. 48.4%), while exclamation mark hairs were significantly more common in children than adults (38.7% vs. 21%). No significant differences were found in the frequency of other trichoscopic features between children and adults. Specifically, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, pigtail hairs, and empty follicular openings were observed in 38.7%, 40.3%, 32.3%, 11.3%, and 75.8% of children, respectively, and in 35.5%, 32.3%, 21%, 46.8%, and 12.9% of adults, respectively. Conclusion: The most common trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata in children are empty follicular openings and broken hairs, while exclamation mark hairs are more common in children than adults. In contrast, yellow dots are less frequently observed in children compared to adults. This distinct difference between children's and adults' dermoscopic findings highlights the critical need for age-specific considerations in AA evaluations. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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