External Validation of Geriatric Influenza Death Score: A Prospective Validation Study Publisher Pubmed



Akbari H ; Bushehri AP ; Aqaviljahromi S ; Eftekhari M ; Esfehani KJ ; Akhgar A ; Jalili M
Source: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Published:2026

Abstract

Objective: The global challenge of population aging continues to intensify. Current estimates project that by 2050, the world’s population will approach 10 billion, with elderly people comprising an estimated 1.6 billion individuals. Due to age-related immunosenescence, older adults face a significantly elevated risk of serious influenza complications compared to younger individuals. During influenza epidemic seasons, determining the appropriate disposition (discharge, hospital admission or Intensive Care Unit admission) of elderly patients with influenza presents a significant challenge. In 2018, Chung et al. developed the Geriatric Influenza Death (GID) score as a potential clinical decision rule to aid clinical decision-making for older adults with influenza. We conducted this study to externally validate the GID score. Method and materials: In this prospective cohort study geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65 years) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) between September 2023 and March 2024 with fever, cough, and a positive influenza test were enrolled using convenience sampling. Patients were excluded if they left against medical advice or lacked sufficient data for scoring. The GID score was calculated for each patient using clinical and laboratory data: severe coma (2 scores), history of cancer or coronary artery disease, elevated C-Reactive Protein, bandemia (1 score each). Based on the GID score, patients were categorized into low (0–1), medium [2], or high-risk (≥ 3) groups. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Performance of the score was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Of 378 patients screened, 120 met inclusion criteria. Thirty-day mortality rates increased with the GID score: 15.9% for score 1, 41.7%% for score 2, and 44.4% for score 3. When used for predicting mortality, the GID score with a threshold of ≥ 2 demonstrated moderate performance with an AUC of 0.66 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.53–0.83) and sensitivity and specificity of 70.6% and 61.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In summary, the GID score offers a practical and efficient method for predicting 30-day mortality and informing disposition decisions for older ED patients with influenza. © The Author(s) 2026.