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The Effects of Smoking on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Using Causal Methods in the Iranian Population Publisher



Khodamoradi F1 ; Nazemipour M2 ; Mansournia N3 ; Yazdani K1 ; Khalili D4, 5 ; Mansournia MA1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Endocrinology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P O Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Preventive Medicine Published:2021


Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of smoking on metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components applying inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score (PS) matching. Methods: Using data from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 4857 participants aged over 20 years with information on smoking and confounders in the third phase (2005-2008) were included, and the MS was assessed in the fifth phase (2011-2014). IPTW and PS matching were used to adjust for confounders. Results: Based on average treatment effect (ATE) estimates, smoking decreased the risk of hypertension (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.88), but increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol (1.20; 0.98, 1.48). Similarly, the average treatment effect in the treated (ATT) estimates using IPTW and PS matching suggested that smoking decreased the risk of hypertension (0.63; 0.52, 0.76, and 0.68; 0.54, 0.85), and increased the risk of low HDL cholesterol (1.24; 1.07, 1.43, and 1.28; 1.06, 1.54), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking seems to increase the risk of low HDL cholesterol but decreases the risk of hypertension. © 2021 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.
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