Human Biomonitoring and Reference Values of Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene Among Iranian Adults Population Publisher



Soleimani Z^{1, 3} ; Haghshenas R¹ ; Farzi Y¹ ; Yunesian M^{2, 3} ; Khalaji A¹ ; Behnoush AH¹ ; Karami A⁴ ; Mehrabi M⁵ ; Ghasemi E¹ ; Ashkani F¹ ; Naddafi K^{2, 6} ; Djazayeri A⁷ ; Pouraram H⁷ ; Mesdaghinia A² Show All Authors Show Affiliations
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research Published:2023

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most important environmental pollutants. Urinary concentrations of 1-hydropyren metabolites of PAHs have been used as biomarkers of these chemicals’ exposure in humans. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 468 healthy Iranian adults over 25 years old and non-smokers in six provinces who were selected based on the clustering method. Fasting urine sampling and body composition and demographic measurements were performed. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The analysis included descriptive statistics and analytical statistics using multiple linear regression by Python software. 1-Hydroxypyrene was found in 100% of samples, and the mean (Reference Value 95%) concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene was 6.12 (RV 95%: 20) μg/L and 5.95 (21) μg/gcrt. There was a direct relationship between the amount of body composition (body fat, visceral fat), BMI, and age with the urinary concentrations of 1-hydropyren metabolites, and this relationship was significant for BMI with urinary concentrations of 1-hydropyren metabolites (P = 0.045). The amount of 1-hydroxypyrene in healthy Iranian adults has been higher than in similar studies in other countries. These results provide helpful information regarding the exposure of Iranian adults to 1-hydroxypyrene, and these data can be used to supplement the national reference values of human biomonitoring for the interpretation of biomonitoring results. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.