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Biomimetic 3D-Printed Pcl Scaffold Containing a High Concentration Carbonated-Nanohydroxyapatite With Immobilized-Collagen for Bone Tissue Engineering: Enhanced Bioactivity and Physicomechanical Characteristics Publisher Pubmed



Moghaddaszadeh A1 ; Seddiqi H2 ; Najmoddin N1 ; Ravasjani SA3 ; Kleinnulend J2
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, Netherlands
  3. 3. Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Biomedical Materials (Bristol) Published:2021


Abstract

A challenging approach of three-dimensional (3D)-biomimetic scaffold design for bone tissue engineering is to improve scaffold bioactivity and mechanical properties. We aimed to design and fabricate 3D-polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanocomposite scaffold containing a high concentration homogeneously distributed carbonated-nanohydroxyapatite (C-nHA)-particles in combination with immobilized-collagen to mimic real bone properties. PCL-scaffolds without/with C-nHA at 30%, 45%, and 60% (wt/wt) were 3D-printed. PCL/C-nHA60%-scaffolds were surface-modified by NaOH-treatment and collagen-immobilization. Physicomechanical and biological properties were investigated experimentally and by finite-element (FE) modeling. Scaffold surface-roughness enhanced by increasing C-nHA (1.7 - 6.1-fold), but decreased by surface-modification (0.6-fold). The contact angle decreased by increasing C-nHA (0.9 - 0.7-fold), and by surface-modification (0.5-fold). The zeta potential decreased by increasing C-nHA (3.2-9.9-fold). Average elastic modulus, compressive strength, and reaction force enhanced by increasing C-nHA and by surface-modification. FE modeling revealed that von Mises stress distribution became less homogeneous by increasing C-nHA, and by surface-modification. Maximal von Mises stress for 2% compression strain in all scaffolds did not exceed yield stress for bulk-material. 3D-printed PCL/C-nHA60% with surface-modification enhanced pre-osteoblast spreading, proliferation, collagen deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization. In conclusion, a novel biomimetic 3D-printed PCL-scaffold containing a high concentration C-nHA with surface-modification was successfully fabricated. It exhibited superior physicomechanical and biological properties, making it a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. © 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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