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The Role of Apelinergic System in Metabolism and Reproductive System in Normal and Pathological Conditions: An Overview Publisher



Mehri K1 ; Hamidian G2 ; Zavvari Oskuye Z1 ; Nayebirad S3 ; Farajdokht F4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
  3. 3. Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology Published:2023


Abstract

Lifestyle changes have made metabolic disorders as one of the major threats to life. Growing evidence demonstrates that obesity and diabetes disrupt the reproductive system by affecting the gonads and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Apelin, an adipocytokine, and its receptor (APJ) are broadly expressed in the hypothalamus nuclei, such as paraventricular and supraoptic, where gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released, and all three lobes of the pituitary, indicating that apelin is involved in the control of reproductive function. Moreover, apelin affects food intake, insulin sensitivity, fluid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolisms. This review outlined the physiological effects of the apelinergic system, the relationship between apelin and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity, as well as the effect of apelin on the reproductive system in both gender. The apelin–APJ system can be considered a potential therapeutic target in the management of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and reproductive disorders. Copyright © 2023 Mehri, Hamidian, Zavvari Oskuye, Nayebirad and Farajdokht.