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Mapping Age- and Sex-Specific Hiv Prevalence in Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018 Publisher Pubmed



Haeuser E1 ; Serfes AL1 ; Cork MA1 ; Yang M1 ; Abbastabar H2 ; Abhilash ES3 ; Adabi M4 ; Adebayo OM5 ; Adekanmbi V6 ; Adeyinka DA7, 8 ; Afzal S9, 10 ; Ahinkorah BO11 ; Ahmadi K12 ; Ahmed MB13, 14 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Haeuser E1
  2. Serfes AL1
  3. Cork MA1
  4. Yang M1
  5. Abbastabar H2
  6. Abhilash ES3
  7. Adabi M4
  8. Adebayo OM5
  9. Adekanmbi V6
  10. Adeyinka DA7, 8
  11. Afzal S9, 10
  12. Ahinkorah BO11
  13. Ahmadi K12
  14. Ahmed MB13, 14
  15. Akalu Y15
  16. Akinyemi RO16, 17
  17. Akunna CJ18, 19
  18. Alahdab F20
  19. Alanezi FM21
  20. Alanzi TM22
  21. Alene KA23, 24
  22. Alhassan RK25
  23. Alipour V26, 27
  24. Almasihashiani A28
  25. Alvisguzman N29, 30
  26. Ameyaw EK11
  27. Amini S31
  28. Amugsi DA32
  29. Ancuceanu R33
  30. Anvari D34, 35
  31. Appiah SCY36, 37
  32. Arabloo J26
  33. Aremu O38
  34. Asemahagn MA39
  35. Jafarabadi MA40, 41
  36. Awedew AF42
  37. Quintanilla BPA43, 44
  38. Ayanore MA45, 46
  39. Aynalem YA47
  40. Azari S48
  41. Azene ZN49
  42. Darshan BB50
  43. Babalola TK51, 52
  44. Baig AA53
  45. Banach M54, 55
  46. Barnighausen TW56, 57
  47. Bell AW58, 59
  48. Bhagavathula AS60, 61
  49. Bhardwaj N62
  50. Bhardwaj P63, 64
  51. Bhattacharyya K65, 66
  52. Bijani A67
  53. Bitew ZW68
  54. Bohlouli S70
  55. Bolarinwa OA51
  56. Boloor A71
  57. Bozicevic I72, 73
  58. Butt ZA74, 75
  59. Cardenas R76
  60. Carvalho F77
  61. Charan J78
  62. Chattu VK79, 80
  63. Chowdhury MAK81, 82
  64. Chu DT83
  65. Cowden RG84
  66. Dahlawi SMA85
  67. Damiani G86, 87
  68. Darteh EKM88
  69. Darwesh AM89
  70. Das Neves J90, 91
  71. Weaver ND1
  72. De Leo D92
  73. De Neve JW56
  74. Deribe K93, 94
  75. Deuba K95, 96
  76. Dharmaratne S1, 97, 98
  77. Dianatinasab M99, 100
  78. Diaz D101, 102
  79. Didarloo A103
  80. Djalalinia S104
  81. Dorostkar F105
  82. Dubljanin E106
  83. Duko B107, 108
  84. El Tantawi M109
  85. Eljaafary SI110
  86. Eshrati B111
  87. Eskandarieh S112
  88. Eyawo O113
  89. Ezeonwumelu IJ114, 115
  90. Ezzikouri S116
  91. Farzadfar F117
  92. Fattahi N118
  93. Fauk NK119, 120
  94. Fernandes E121
  95. Filip I122, 123
  96. Fischer F124
  97. Foigt NA125
  98. Foroutan M126, 127
  99. Fukumoto T128
  100. Gad MM129, 130
  101. Gaidhane AM131
  102. Gebregiorgis BG47
  103. Gebremedhin KB132
  104. Getacher L133
  105. Ghadiri K134, 135
  106. Ghashghaee A136
  107. Golechha M137
  108. Gubari MIM138
  109. Gugnani HC139, 140
  110. Guimaraes RA141
  111. Haider MR142
  112. Hajmirzaian A143, 144
  113. Hamidi S145
  114. Hashi A146
  115. Hassanipour S147, 148
  116. Hassankhani H149, 150
  117. Hayat K151, 152
  118. Herteliu C153, 154
  119. Ho HC155
  120. Holla R50
  121. Hosseini M156, 157
  122. Hosseinzadeh M158, 159
  123. Hwang BF160
  124. Ibitoye SE161
  125. Ilesanmi OS162, 163
  126. Ilic IM164
  127. Ilic MD165
  128. Islam RM166
  129. Iwu CCD167
  130. Jakovljevic M168, 169
  131. Jha RP170, 171
  132. Ji JS172
  133. Johnson KB1
  134. Joseph N173
  135. Joshua V174
  136. Joukar F147, 148
  137. Jozwiak JJ175
  138. Kalankesh LR176
  139. Kalhor R177, 178
  140. Kamyari N179
  141. Kanchan T180
  142. Matin BK118
  143. Karimi SE181
  144. Kayode GA182, 183
  145. Karyani AK118
  146. Keramati M184
  147. Khan EA185
  148. Khan G186
  149. Khan MN187
  150. Khatab K188, 189
  151. Khubchandani J190
  152. Kim YJ191
  153. Kisa A192, 193
  154. Kisa S194
  155. Kopec JA195, 196
  156. Kosen S197
  157. Laxminarayana SLK198
  158. Koyanagi A199, 200
  159. Krishan K201
  160. Defo BK202, 203
  161. Kugbey N204
  162. Kulkarni V173
  163. Kumar M205, 206
  164. Kumar N173
  165. Kusuma D207, 208
  166. La Vecchia C209
  167. Lal DK210
  168. Landires I211, 212
  169. Larson HJ1, 213
  170. Lasrado S214
  171. Lee PH215
  172. Li S216
  173. Liu X217, 218
  174. Maleki A219, 220
  175. Malik P221, 222
  176. Mansournia MA156
  177. Martinsmelo FR223
  178. Mendoza W224
  179. Menezes RG225
  180. Mengesha EW226
  181. Meretoja TJ227, 228
  182. Mestrovic T229, 230
  183. Mirica A153
  184. Moazen B56, 231
  185. Mohamad O232
  186. Mohammad Y233
  187. Mohammadianhafshejani A234
  188. Mohammadpourhodki R235
  189. Mohammed S236, 237
  190. Mohammed S236, 237
  191. Mokdad AH1, 98
  192. Moradi M118
  193. Moraga P240
  194. Mubarik S241
  195. Mulu GBB242
  196. Mwanri L243
  197. Nagarajan AJ244, 245
  198. Naimzada MD246, 247
  199. Naveed M248
  200. Nazari J249
  201. Ndejjo R250
  202. Negoi I251, 252
  203. Ngalesoni FN253
  204. Nguefacktsague G254
  205. Ngunjiri JW255
  206. Nguyen CT256
  207. Nguyen HLT256
  208. Nnaji CA257, 258
  209. Noubiap JJ259
  210. Nunezsamudio V260, 261
  211. Nwatah VE262, 263
  212. Oancea B264
  213. Odukoya OO265, 266
  214. Olagunju AT267, 268
  215. Olakunde BO269
  216. Olusanya BO270
  217. Olusanya JO270
  218. Bali AO271
  219. Onwujekwe OE272
  220. Orisakwe OE273
  221. Otstavnov N246
  222. Otstavnov SS246, 274
  223. Owolabi MO275, 276
  224. Mahesh PA277
  225. Padubidri JR278
  226. Pana A153, 279
  227. Pandey A280, 281
  228. Pandiperumal SR282
  229. Kan FP283
  230. Patton GC284, 285
  231. Pawar S286
  232. Peprah EK287
  233. Postma MJ288, 289
  234. Preotescu L290, 291
  235. Syed ZQ131
  236. Rabiee N292, 293
  237. Radfar A294
  238. Rafiei A295, 296
  239. Rahim F297
  240. Rahimimovaghar V298
  241. Rahmani AM299
  242. Ramezanzadeh K143
  243. Rana J300, 301
  244. Ranabhat CL302, 303
  245. Rao SJ304
  246. Rawaf DL305, 306
  247. Rawaf S307, 308
  248. Rawassizadeh R309
  249. Regassa LD310
  250. Rezaei N311, 312
  251. Rezapour A26
  252. Riaz MA313
  253. Ribeiro AI314
  254. Ross JM1, 315, 316
  255. Rubagotti E317, 318
  256. Rumisha SF319, 320
  257. Rwegerera GM321
  258. Moghaddam SS117
  259. Sagar R322
  260. Sahiledengle B323
  261. Sahu M1
  262. Salem MR324
  263. Kafil HS325
  264. Samy AM326
  265. Sartorius B98, 327, 328
  266. Sathian B329, 330
  267. Seidu AA88, 331
  268. Shaheen AA332
  269. Shaikh MA333
  270. Shamsizadeh M334
  271. Shiferaw WS47
  272. Shin JI335
  273. Shrestha R336
  274. Singh JA337, 338
  275. Skryabin VY339
  276. Skryabina AA340
  277. Soltani S118
  278. Sufiyan MB341
  279. Tabuchi T342
  280. Tadesse EG343
  281. Taveira N344, 345
  282. Tesfay FH346, 347
  283. Thapar R173
  284. Tovanipalone MR348, 349
  285. Tsegaye GW350
  286. Umeokonkwo CD351
  287. Unnikrishnan B352
  288. Villafane JH353
  289. Violante FS354, 355
  290. Vo B356
  291. Vu GT357
  292. Wado YD358
  293. Waheed Y359
  294. Wamai RG360, 361
  295. Wang Y362
  296. Ward P363
  297. Wickramasinghe ND364
  298. Wilson K365
  299. Yaya S366, 367
  300. Yip P368, 369
  301. Yonemoto N370, 371
  302. Yu C241
  303. Zastrozhin MS372, 373
  304. Zhang Y374, 375
  305. Zhang ZJ376
  306. Hay SI1, 98
  307. Dwyerlindgren L1, 98
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India
  4. 4. Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  5. 5. College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  6. 6. Department of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  8. 8. Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
  9. 9. Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
  10. 10. Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
  11. 11. The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  12. 12. School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  13. 13. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  14. 14. Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  15. 15. Department of Medical Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  16. 16. Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  17. 17. Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  18. 18. Department of Public Health, The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
  19. 19. Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria
  20. 20. Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  21. 21. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  22. 22. Health Information Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  23. 23. Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  24. 24. Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
  25. 25. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  26. 26. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  29. 29. Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
  30. 30. Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
  31. 31. Department of Health Services Management, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
  32. 32. Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  33. 33. Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  34. 34. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  35. 35. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  36. 36. Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  37. 37. Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  38. 38. Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  39. 39. School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  40. 40. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  41. 41. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  42. 42. Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  43. 43. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  44. 44. San Martin de Porres University, Lima, Peru
  45. 45. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  46. 46. Department of Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy Advocacy Innovation & Research in Africa (CHPAIR-Africa), Accra, Ghana
  47. 47. Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  48. 48. Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  49. 49. Department of Reproductive Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  50. 50. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  51. 51. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  52. 52. Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  53. 53. Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  54. 54. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  55. 55. Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  56. 56. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  57. 57. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  58. 58. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  59. 59. Department of Social Services, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
  60. 60. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
  61. 61. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  62. 62. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  63. 63. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  64. 64. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  65. 65. Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  66. 66. Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
  67. 67. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  68. 68. Nutrition Department, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  69. 69. St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  70. 70. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  71. 71. Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  72. 72. WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  73. 73. Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  74. 74. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  75. 75. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  76. 76. Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
  77. 77. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  78. 78. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  79. 79. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
  80. 80. Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  81. 81. James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  82. 82. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  83. 83. Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  84. 84. Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Park West, South Africa
  85. 85. Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  86. 86. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi (Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute IRCCS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  87. 87. Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  88. 88. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
  89. 89. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  90. 90. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  91. 91. Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  92. 92. Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
  93. 93. Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  94. 94. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  95. 95. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
  96. 96. Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  97. 97. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  98. 98. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  99. 99. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
  100. 100. Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  101. 101. Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  102. 102. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Rosales, Culiacan, Mexico
  103. 103. Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  104. 104. Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  105. 105. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  106. 106. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  107. 107. School of Public Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
  108. 108. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  109. 109. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  110. 110. Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  111. 111. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  112. 112. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  113. 113. Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, BC, Canada
  114. 114. Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
  115. 115. IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
  116. 116. Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
  117. 117. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  118. 118. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  119. 119. Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  120. 120. Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia
  121. 121. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  122. 122. Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, United States
  123. 123. School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, United States
  124. 124. Institute of Public Health, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin (Charite Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany
  125. 125. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  126. 126. Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  127. 127. Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  128. 128. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  129. 129. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  130. 130. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  131. 131. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  132. 132. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  133. 133. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  134. 134. Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  135. 135. Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  136. 136. School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  137. 137. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  138. 138. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  139. 139. Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
  140. 140. Department of Epidemiology, Saint James School of Medicine, The Valley, Anguilla
  141. 141. Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
  142. 142. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
  143. 143. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  144. 144. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  145. 145. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  146. 146. Department of Public Health, Jigjiga University, Jijiga, Ethiopia
  147. 147. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  148. 148. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  149. 149. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  150. 150. Independent Consultant, Tabriz, Iran
  151. 151. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
  152. 152. Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
  153. 153. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  154. 154. School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
  155. 155. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  156. 156. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  157. 157. Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  158. 158. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  159. 159. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  160. 160. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  161. 161. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  162. 162. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  163. 163. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  164. 164. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  165. 165. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  166. 166. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  167. 167. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  168. 168. Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
  169. 169. Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
  170. 170. Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
  171. 171. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  172. 172. Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  173. 173. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  174. 174. National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  175. 175. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  176. 176. School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  177. 177. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  178. 178. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  179. 179. Department of Biostatistics, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  180. 180. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  181. 181. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  182. 182. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  183. 183. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  184. 184. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  185. 185. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  186. 186. Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  187. 187. Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  188. 188. Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  189. 189. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  190. 190. Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
  191. 191. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  192. 192. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  193. 193. Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  194. 194. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  195. 195. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  196. 196. Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada
  197. 197. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
  198. 198. Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
  199. 199. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
  200. 200. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
  201. 201. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  202. 202. Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  203. 203. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
  204. 204. University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
  205. 205. Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  206. 206. Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  207. 207. Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  208. 208. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  209. 209. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  210. 210. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  211. 211. Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  212. 212. Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  213. 213. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  214. 214. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  215. 215. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  216. 216. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  217. 217. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  218. 218. Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  219. 219. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  220. 220. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  221. 221. Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
  222. 222. Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  223. 223. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil
  224. 224. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  225. 225. Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  226. 226. Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  227. 227. Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  228. 228. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  229. 229. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  230. 230. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  231. 231. Institute of Addiction Research (ISFF), Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
  232. 232. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  233. 233. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  234. 234. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  235. 235. Department of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  236. 236. Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
  237. 237. Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
  238. 238. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  239. 239. Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  240. 240. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  241. 241. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  242. 242. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  243. 243. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, SA, Australia
  244. 244. Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  245. 245. Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
  246. 246. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  247. 247. Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
  248. 248. Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  249. 249. Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  250. 250. Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
  251. 251. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  252. 252. Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  253. 253. Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  254. 254. Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
  255. 255. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  256. 256. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  257. 257. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
  258. 258. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
  259. 259. Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  260. 260. Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
  261. 261. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
  262. 262. Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
  263. 263. Department of International Public Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  264. 264. Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  265. 265. Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
  266. 266. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
  267. 267. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  268. 268. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  269. 269. Community Prevention and Care Services, National AIDS Control Committee, Abuja, Nigeria
  270. 270. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  271. 271. Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  272. 272. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  273. 273. University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  274. 274. Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  275. 275. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  276. 276. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  277. 277. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
  278. 278. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  279. 279. Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
  280. 280. Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  281. 281. Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
  282. 282. Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  283. 283. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  284. 284. Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  285. 285. Population Health Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  286. 286. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  287. 287. School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
  288. 288. University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  289. 289. School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  290. 290. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
  291. 291. Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  292. 292. School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  293. 293. Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
  294. 294. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  295. 295. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  296. 296. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  297. 297. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  298. 298. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  299. 299. Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
  300. 300. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  301. 301. Research and Innovation Division, South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh
  302. 302. Research Department, Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
  303. 303. Health and Public Policy Department, Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
  304. 304. Department of Oral Pathology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
  305. 305. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  306. 306. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  307. 307. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  308. 308. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  309. 309. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  310. 310. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  311. 311. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  312. 312. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  313. 313. Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Sultan Zainal Abidin University), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  314. 314. Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  315. 315. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  316. 316. Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  317. 317. African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
  318. 318. Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalias Congenitas y Enfermedades Raras (Center for Research in Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases), Universidad ICESI (ICESI University), Cali, Colombia
  319. 319. Malaria Atlas Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
  320. 320. Department of Health Statistics, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
  321. 321. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  322. 322. Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
  323. 323. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  324. 324. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  325. 325. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  326. 326. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  327. 327. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  328. 328. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  329. 329. Geriatric and Long Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
  330. 330. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
  331. 331. College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, QLD, Townsville, Australia
  332. 332. Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  333. 333. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan
  334. 334. Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life, and Social Welfare, University of Boras, Boras, Sweden
  335. 335. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  336. 336. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  337. 337. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  338. 338. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  339. 339. Department No.16, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation
  340. 340. Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  341. 341. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  342. 342. Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
  343. 343. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  344. 344. University Institute “Egas Moniz�, Monte da Caparica, Portugal
  345. 345. Research Institute for Medicines, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  346. 346. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  347. 347. Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  348. 348. Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  349. 349. Modestum LTD, London, United Kingdom
  350. 350. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  351. 351. Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  352. 352. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  353. 353. Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
  354. 354. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  355. 355. Occupational Health Unit, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  356. 356. Faculty of Information Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  357. 357. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  358. 358. Population Dynamics and Sexual and Reproductive Health, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
  359. 359. Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  360. 360. Department of Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
  361. 361. School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  362. 362. School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  363. 363. Centre for Health Policy Research, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  364. 364. Department of community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  365. 365. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  366. 366. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  367. 367. The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  368. 368. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  369. 369. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  370. 370. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  371. 371. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  372. 372. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  373. 373. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  374. 374. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  375. 375. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  376. 376. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

Source: BMC Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still among the leading causes of disease burden and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and the world is not on track to meet targets set for ending the epidemic by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Precise HIV burden information is critical for effective geographic and epidemiological targeting of prevention and treatment interventions. Age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence estimates are widely available at the national level, and region-wide local estimates were recently published for adults overall. We add further dimensionality to previous analyses by estimating HIV prevalence at local scales, stratified into sex-specific 5-year age groups for adults ages 15–59 years across SSA. Methods: We analyzed data from 91 seroprevalence surveys and sentinel surveillance among antenatal care clinic (ANC) attendees using model-based geostatistical methods to produce estimates of HIV prevalence across 43 countries in SSA, from years 2000 to 2018, at a 5 × 5-km resolution and presented among second administrative level (typically districts or counties) units. Results: We found substantial variation in HIV prevalence across localities, ages, and sexes that have been masked in earlier analyses. Within-country variation in prevalence in 2018 was a median 3.5 times greater across ages and sexes, compared to for all adults combined. We note large within-district prevalence differences between age groups: for men, 50% of districts displayed at least a 14-fold difference between age groups with the highest and lowest prevalence, and at least a 9-fold difference for women. Prevalence trends also varied over time; between 2000 and 2018, 70% of all districts saw a reduction in prevalence greater than five percentage points in at least one sex and age group. Meanwhile, over 30% of all districts saw at least a five percentage point prevalence increase in one or more sex and age group. Conclusions: As the HIV epidemic persists and evolves in SSA, geographic and demographic shifts in prevention and treatment efforts are necessary. These estimates offer epidemiologically informative detail to better guide more targeted interventions, vital for combating HIV in SSA. © 2022, The Author(s).
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