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Nanosized Paclitaxel-Loaded Niosomes: Formulation, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Gene Expression in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Publisher Pubmed



Pourmoghadasiyan B1 ; Tavakkoli F1 ; Beram FM2 ; Badmasti F3 ; Mirzaie A4 ; Kazempour R5 ; Rahimi S6 ; Larijani SF7 ; Hejabi F8 ; Sedaghatnia K9
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Biology, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Applied Chemistry, Tehran South Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Molecular Biology Reports Published:2022


Abstract

Background: In this study, the optimized niosomal formulation containing paclitaxel using non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol was designed and its cytotoxic effects against different breast cancer cell lines and apoptosis gene expression analysis were also investigated. Methods and results: Due to enhancing equation variables, the Box–Behnken method has been applied. Lipid/drug molar ratio, the amounts of Span 60, and cholesterol were selected as the target for optimization. The particle size of niosome loaded paclitaxel and entrapment efficiency proportion have been considered in the role of dependent variables. Then the cytotoxic activity of the optimized formulation was evaluated using an MTT assay against different breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7, T-47D, SkBr3, and MDA-MB-231. The expression level of Bax and Bcl-2 apoptosis genes was determined by Real-Time PCR. In this study, the optimized niosomal formulation revealed that the synthesized niosomes had a spherical appearance and had an average size of 192.73 ± 5.50 nm so that the percentage of drug loading was 94.71 ± 1.56%. Moreover, this formulation showed a controlled and slowed release of paclitaxel at different pH (7.4, 6.5, and 5.4). The cytotoxicity results demonstrated that cell viability in all concentrations of niosome loaded paclitaxel had profound cytotoxic effects on all studied breast cancer cell lines compared to the free paclitaxel (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression of apoptosis genes was much higher than that of free paclitaxel indicating the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. Conclusions: As a result, niosomal formulations containing paclitaxel can be used as a new drug delivery system to increase cytotoxicity and treatment of breast cancer in the upcoming future. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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