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Tobacco Consumption Patterns Among Iranian Adults: A National and Sub-National Update From the Steps Survey 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Abbasikangevari M1 ; Ghanbari A1 ; Fattahi N1, 2 ; Malekpour MR1 ; Masinaei M1, 3 ; Ahmadi N1 ; Ghamari SH1 ; Naderian M1, 4 ; Rashidi MM1 ; Rezaei N1, 5 ; Ghasemi E1 ; Farzi Y1 ; Yoosefi M1 ; Rezaei N1, 5 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Abbasikangevari M1
  2. Ghanbari A1
  3. Fattahi N1, 2
  4. Malekpour MR1
  5. Masinaei M1, 3
  6. Ahmadi N1
  7. Ghamari SH1
  8. Naderian M1, 4
  9. Rashidi MM1
  10. Rezaei N1, 5
  11. Ghasemi E1
  12. Farzi Y1
  13. Yoosefi M1
  14. Rezaei N1, 5
  15. Foroutan Mehr E1
  16. Moghimi M1
  17. Nasserinejad M1
  18. Maleki A1
  19. Abbasikangevari Z1
  20. Farzadfar F1, 5
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
  3. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2023


Abstract

Smoking is recognised as a critical public health priority due to its enormous health and economic consequences. Constant monitoring of the effectiveness of tobacco control programs calls for timely population-based data. This study reports the national and sub-national patterns in tobacco consumption among Iranian adults based on the results from the STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2021. This study was performed through an analysis of the results of the STEPS survey 2021 which had been conducted as a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Participants included Iranian adults aged ≥ 18 years in all provinces of Iran, who were selected via multistage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed via survey analysis while considering population weights. The total number of participants was 27,874, including 15,395 (55.23%) women and 12,479 (44.77%) men. The all-ages prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 14.01% overall, 4.44% among women, and 25.88% among men. The all-ages prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 9.33% overall, 0.77% among women, and 19.95% among men. The all-ages prevalence of current hookah smoking was 4.5% overall, 3.64% among women, and 5.56% among men. The mean (SD) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 12.41 (10.27) overall, 7.65 (8.09) among women, and 12.64 (10.31) among men. The mean (SD) monthly times of hookah use was 0.42 (7.87) overall, 2.86 (23.46) among women, and 0.3 (6.2) among men. The national all-ages prevalence of second-hand smoking at home was 24.64% overall, 27.38% among women, and 20.26% among men. The national all-ages prevalence of second-hand smoking at work was 19.49% overall, 17.33% among women, and 22.94% among men. The tobacco consumption in Iran remains alarmingly high, indicating the current tobacco control policy implementation level is ineffective and insufficient. This calls for adopting, implementing, and enforcing comprehensive packages of evidence-based tobacco control policies. © 2023, The Author(s).
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