Lewisite-A Toxic Warfare Agent Publisher



Khalid M^{1, 2} Show Affiliations
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

Lewisite is a toxic warfare agent that has been deployed in previous wars, potentially killing thousands of civilians. Lewisite and other chemical warfare toxins were mostly thrown at sea, resulting in unintentional human exposure. The harmful effects of accidental human exposure to lewisite have been discovered. Severe pain, swelling, and blistering are the most prevalent toxic pathophysiological effects. It is detrimental to both the eye and the airways. Contact with lewisite on the skin can damage the liver, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and heart, among other organs. Chelation, lasablation, and cooling are some of the treatment options for lewisite-induced toxicity that have been reported to be effective. Chelation with dimercaprol or British anti-lewisite and its derivatives such as meso-2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, and 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propane-sulphonic acid, has remained the mainstay treatment for heavy metal intoxication and has also been observed as an effective antidote for lewisite-induced toxicity. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited by inherent toxicity, a narrow therapeutic window, and complicated administration. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.