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On the Nature of Heavy Metals in Pm10 for an Urban Desert City in the Middle East: Shiraz, Iran Publisher



Parvizimehr A1 ; Baghani AN1, 2 ; Hoseini M1 ; Sorooshian A3, 4 ; Cuevasrobles A3 ; Fararouei M5 ; Dehghani M1 ; Delikhoon M6 ; Barkhordari A7 ; Shahsavani S1 ; Badeenezhad A8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
  4. 4. Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
  5. 5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran

Source: Microchemical Journal Published:2020


Abstract

This study investigated the concentrations of suspended particulate matter £ 10 µm in diameter (PM10) and their heavy metal content, including cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel, aluminum, and iron, in ambient air in the Middle East: Shiraz, Iran. The Crystal Ball 7.3 software package was used to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects due to heavy metal exposure. The mean concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Meanwhile, the average concentrations of PM10 decreased during the same time frame. When comparing PM10 on various days of the week in Iran, including holidays (Thursday and Friday), two days after holidays (Saturday and Sunday), and other days (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday), the concentrations were higher two days after the holidays as compared to other days of the week (p < 0.05). The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for Cr, especially for children was 1.20 × 10−2, which surpassed suggested EPA levels. The non-carcinogenic values of heavy metals for children were significantly higher than those for adults for three pathways. The results indicate that children usually had more exposure to heavy metals associated with PM10 as compared to adults. © 2020
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