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Environmental Health and Leishmaniasis by Indication on Afghanistan: A Review Publisher



Mosawi SH1, 2 ; Zarei Z3 ; Shams M4 ; Mohammadi K5 ; Sajjadi SA5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan
  2. 2. Afghanistan Development Studies Centre, Kabul, Afghanistan
  3. 3. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
  5. 5. Khatam Al Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan

Source: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health Published:2019


Abstract

Leishmaniasis is one of public health problems in endemic countries like Afghanistan. There are three main manifestation of the diseases; cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. About 70,000 deaths occur due to leishmaniasis in about 100 country annually, especially in children. Afghanistan has the highest number of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the world. There are many gaps in controlling of the disease in the country and environmental factors based problems are increasing the size of these cracks. Here we discussed these problems including migration, destroyed infrastructures, defective waste collector system, reservoirs, vectors populations, climate, and complicated political situation and their impacts on leishmaniasis. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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