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Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Risk Assessment Induced by Pesticide Residues in Commercially Available Ready-To-Eat Raisins of Iran Based on Monte Carlo Simulation Publisher Pubmed



Mahdavi V1 ; Gordan H1 ; Peivastehroudsari L2 ; Thai VN3 ; Fakhri Y4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 1475744741, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), 475A, Dien Bien Phu, Ward 25, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  4. 4. Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Source: Environmental Research Published:2022


Abstract

Pesticide residues in fruits lead to serious public health and environmental problems. This study was undertaken to analyze 57 pesticides residues in 60 commercially available ready-to-eat packed raisins samples from Iran's markets using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) approach along with acetonitrile for the extraction, surface adsorbents for clean-up procedure, following with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, the probabilistic health risk assessment includes non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk were estimated by hazard quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and cancer risk (CR) using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The respective numbers attributed to LOD and LOQ were 0.001–0.03 mg kg−1 and 0.005–0.05 mg kg−1. Results showed that 23% of samples were contaminated by at least one pesticide according to national MRLs. The rank order of pesticides based on HQ was carbendazim > acetamiprid > thiodicarb > iprodione for raisins with percentile 95% benchmark. The HI amount in the adult's age group was 0.001, and in the children's age group was obtained to be 0.006. According to the risk assessment results (HQ and HI < 1 in both age groups), it can be acknowledged that consumption of raisins may not pose remarkable health hazards in short term exposures. The rank order of pesticides based on CR was thiodicarb > iprodion. But total CR (TCR) was lower than 1E-6 value (7.6E-8), so consumers were not at considerable carcinogenic risk in this commodity. Acetamiprid and carbendazim does not pose a cancer risk to humans. Therefore, a dietary exposure assessment for the purpose of assessing cancer risk is unnecessary. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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