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Online Closed-Loop Real-Time Tes-Fmri for Brain Modulation: A Technical Report Publisher Pubmed



Mulyana B1, 2 ; Tsuchiyagaito A1 ; Misaki M1 ; Kuplicki R1 ; Smith J1 ; Soleimani G3, 4 ; Rashedi A1 ; Shereen D5 ; Bergman TO6, 7 ; Cheng S2 ; Paulus MP1 ; Bodurka J1, 8 ; Ekhtiari H1, 9
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
  2. 2. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States
  3. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
  6. 6. Neuroimaging Center (NIC), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
  7. 7. Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
  8. 8. Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
  9. 9. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Source: Brain and Behavior Published:2022


Abstract

Recent studies suggest that transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can be performed during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The novel approach of using concurrent tES-fMRI to modulate and measure targeted brain activity/connectivity may provide unique insights into the causal interactions between the brain neural responses and psychiatric/neurologic signs and symptoms, and importantly, guide the development of new treatments. However, tES stimulation parameters to optimally influence the underlying brain activity may vary with respect to phase difference, frequency, intensity, and electrode's montage among individuals. Here, we propose a protocol for closed-loop tES-fMRI to optimize the frequency and phase difference of alternating current stimulation (tACS) for two nodes (frontal and parietal regions) in individual participants. We carefully considered the challenges in an online optimization of tES parameters with concurrent fMRI, specifically in its safety, artifact in fMRI image quality, online evaluation of the tES effect, and parameter optimization method, and we designed the protocol to run an effective study to enhance frontoparietal connectivity and working memory performance with the optimized tACS using closed-loop tES-fMRI. We provide technical details of the protocol, including electrode types, electrolytes, electrode montages, concurrent tES-fMRI hardware, online fMRI processing pipelines, and the optimization algorithm. We confirmed the implementation of this protocol worked successfully with a pilot experiment. © 2022 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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