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Sugar Consumption, Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher Pubmed



Farsadnaeimi A1 ; Asjodi F2 ; Omidian M3 ; Askari M4 ; Nouri M5 ; Pizarro AB6 ; Daneshzad E4, 7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  2. 2. Sport Nutrition Board, Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center (IFMARC), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Students Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of clinical epidemiology and biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
  7. 7. Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran

Source: Complementary Therapies in Medicine Published:2020


Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a significant neurobehavioral disorder in children and adolescence which may be affected by diet. Objective: To evaluate the possible relationship between sugar consumption and the development of symptoms of ADHD. Methods: In March 2020, an exhaustive systematic literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. In this meta-analysis of observational studies, odds ratios, relative risks, hazard ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, which was reported for ADHD regarding SSBS, soft drink consumption, and dietary sugars, were used to calculate ORs and standard errors. At first, a fixed-effects model was used to drive the overall effect sizes using log ORs and SEs. If there was any significant between-studies heterogeneity, the random-effects model was conducted. Cochran's Q test and I2 were used to measure potential sources of heterogeneity across studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included articles. Results: Seven studies, two cross-sectional, two case-control, and three prospective with a total of 25,945 individuals were eligible to include in the current meta-analysis. The association between sugar and soft drink consumption and the risk of ADHD symptoms were provided based on the random-effects model (pooled effect size: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.04-1.42, P = 0.01) (I² = 81.9%, P heterogeneity< 0.0001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated a positive relationship between overall sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption and symptoms of ADHD; however, there was heterogeneity among included studies. Future well-designed studies that can account for confounds are necessary to confirm the effect of sugar on ADHD. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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