Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries

Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries Publisher

Ceren Akgor M ; Saghir K ; Can A I ; Sahbaz F G ; Ozcelik E U ; Atalar A C ; Ergin N ; Orun M O ; Madani A A ; Ibrahim E A A ; Togha M ; Amirguliyev S ; Alabwah Y ; Hashel J A Show All Authors

Ceren Akgor M
Saghir K
Can A I
Sahbaz F G
Ozcelik E U
Atalar A C
Ergin N
Orun M O
Madani A A
Ibrahim E A A
Togha M
Amirguliyev S
Alabwah Y
Hashel J A
Dardar I M
Sahli R E
Sassi S B
Nada M
Shalaby N
Dehal Y
Naji Y
Amine M
Alfred K
Karaci R
Yanik E
Gursoy G
Celik H T
Tasdelen S
Ekizoglu E
Orhan E K
Agircan D
Genc H
Gesoglu Demir T
Domac F M
Kose N
Tepe N
Ozturk S
Cengiz E K
Erdogan K
Yildirim I
Hasirci Bayir B R
Demirel E A
Ghouri R
Tasdelen B
Bolay H
Ozge A
Kissani N

Source: Frontiers in Neurology Published:2026

Abstract

Background – Fasting-related headache has traditionally been attributed to dehydration, caffeine withdrawal, and sleep disruption, but pre-existing primary headache disorders may also play an important role in determining susceptibility. Objectives – To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and predictors of headache during Ramadan fasting and to explore the relative contribution of pre-existing primary headache disorders and the lifestyle-related factors assessed in this study to headache occurrence during fasting. Methods – In this multinational cross-sectional survey across 14 countries, adults (18–65 years) observing Ramadan fasting completed a 17-item questionnaire. Headache during Ramadan was the primary outcome. Classification and regression tree (CRT) modelling were used to identify predictors and characterize fasting related headache. Results – Headache attacks occurred mainly in the afternoon/pre-iftar period and improved after iftar in 54.6% of cases. Pre-existing primary headache disorders, particularly migraine, were more strongly associated with headache occurrence within the exploratory CRT model than the lifestyle variables assessed in this study. Conclusion – Fasting-related headache is highly prevalent and is influenced by both lifestyle-related factors and underlying headache susceptibility. A history of primary headache disorders was strongly associated with headache occurrence during Ramadan fasting, highlighting the importance of considering individual headache history alongside fasting- related exposures when assessing vulnerability. Copyright © 2026 Ceren Akgor, Saghir, Can, Sahbaz, Ozcelik, Atalar, Ergin, Orun, Madani, Ibrahim, Togha, Amirguliyev, Alabwah, Hashel, Dardar, Sahli, Sassi, Nada, Shalaby, Dehal, Naji, Amine, Alfred, Karaci, Yanik, Gursoy, Celik, Tasdelen, Ekizoglu, Orhan, Agircan, Genc, Gesoglu Demir, Domac, Kose, Tepe, Ozturk, Cengiz, Erdogan, Yildirim, Hasirci Bayir, Demirel, Ghouri, Tasdelen, Bolay, Ozge and Kissani.

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Ceren Akgor M, et al.. "Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries." Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 17, no. , 2026, pp. -.
APA	Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, Ergin N, Orun M O, Madani A A, Ibrahim E A A, Togha M, Amirguliyev S, Alabwah Y, Hashel J A, Dardar I M, Sahli R E, Sassi S B, Nada M, Shalaby N, ... Kissani N (2026). Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries. Frontiers in Neurology, 17(), -.
Chicago	Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, Ergin N, et al.. "Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries." Frontiers in Neurology 17, no. (2026): -.
Harvard	Ceren Akgor M et al. (2026) 'Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries', Frontiers in Neurology, 17(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, et al.. Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries. Frontiers in Neurology. 2026;17():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Ceren Akgor M and Saghir K and Can A I and Sahbaz F G and Ozcelik E U and Atalar A C and Ergin N and Orun M O and Madani A A and Ibrahim E A A and Togha M and Amirguliyev S and Alabwah Y and Hashel J A and Dardar I M and Sahli R E and Sassi S B and Nada M and Shalaby N and Dehal Y and Naji Y and Amine M and Alfred K and Karaci R and Yanik E and Gursoy G and Celik H T and Tasdelen S and Ekizoglu E and Orhan E K and Agircan D and Genc H and Gesoglu Demir T and Domac F M and Kose N and Tepe N and Ozturk S and Cengiz E K and Erdogan K and Yildirim I and Hasirci Bayir B R and Demirel E A and Ghouri R and Tasdelen B and Bolay H and Ozge A and Kissani N}, title = {Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2026} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Ceren Akgor M AU - Saghir K AU - Can A I AU - Sahbaz F G AU - Ozcelik E U AU - Atalar A C AU - Ergin N AU - Orun M O AU - Madani A A AU - Ibrahim E A A AU - Togha M AU - Amirguliyev S AU - Alabwah Y AU - Hashel J A AU - Dardar I M AU - Sahli R E AU - Sassi S B AU - Nada M AU - Shalaby N AU - Dehal Y AU - Naji Y AU - Amine M AU - Alfred K AU - Karaci R AU - Yanik E AU - Gursoy G AU - Celik H T AU - Tasdelen S AU - Ekizoglu E AU - Orhan E K AU - Agircan D AU - Genc H AU - Gesoglu Demir T AU - Domac F M AU - Kose N AU - Tepe N AU - Ozturk S AU - Cengiz E K AU - Erdogan K AU - Yildirim I AU - Hasirci Bayir B R AU - Demirel E A AU - Ghouri R AU - Tasdelen B AU - Bolay H AU - Ozge A AU - Kissani N TI - Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries JO - Frontiers in Neurology VL - 17 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2026 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Ceren Akgor M, et al.. "Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries." Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 17, no. , 2026, pp. -.

APA

Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, Ergin N, Orun M O, Madani A A, Ibrahim E A A, Togha M, Amirguliyev S, Alabwah Y, Hashel J A, Dardar I M, Sahli R E, Sassi S B, Nada M, Shalaby N, ... Kissani N (2026). Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries. Frontiers in Neurology, 17(), -.

Chicago

Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, Ergin N, et al.. "Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries." Frontiers in Neurology 17, no. (2026): -.

Harvard

Ceren Akgor M et al. (2026) 'Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries', Frontiers in Neurology, 17(), pp. -.

Vancouver

Ceren Akgor M, Saghir K, Can A I, Sahbaz F G, Ozcelik E U, Atalar A C, et al.. Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries. Frontiers in Neurology. 2026;17():-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Ceren Akgor M and Saghir K and Can A I and Sahbaz F G and Ozcelik E U and Atalar A C and Ergin N and Orun M O and Madani A A and Ibrahim E A A and Togha M and Amirguliyev S and Alabwah Y and Hashel J A and Dardar I M and Sahli R E and Sassi S B and Nada M and Shalaby N and Dehal Y and Naji Y and Amine M and Alfred K and Karaci R and Yanik E and Gursoy G and Celik H T and Tasdelen S and Ekizoglu E and Orhan E K and Agircan D and Genc H and Gesoglu Demir T and Domac F M and Kose N and Tepe N and Ozturk S and Cengiz E K and Erdogan K and Yildirim I and Hasirci Bayir B R and Demirel E A and Ghouri R and Tasdelen B and Bolay H and Ozge A and Kissani N}, title = {Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {17}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2026} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ceren Akgor M
AU - Saghir K
AU - Can A I
AU - Sahbaz F G
AU - Ozcelik E U
AU - Atalar A C
AU - Ergin N
AU - Orun M O
AU - Madani A A
AU - Ibrahim E A A
AU - Togha M
AU - Amirguliyev S
AU - Alabwah Y
AU - Hashel J A
AU - Dardar I M
AU - Sahli R E
AU - Sassi S B
AU - Nada M
AU - Shalaby N
AU - Dehal Y
AU - Naji Y
AU - Amine M
AU - Alfred K
AU - Karaci R
AU - Yanik E
AU - Gursoy G
AU - Celik H T
AU - Tasdelen S
AU - Ekizoglu E
AU - Orhan E K
AU - Agircan D
AU - Genc H
AU - Gesoglu Demir T
AU - Domac F M
AU - Kose N
AU - Tepe N
AU - Ozturk S
AU - Cengiz E K
AU - Erdogan K
AU - Yildirim I
AU - Hasirci Bayir B R
AU - Demirel E A
AU - Ghouri R
AU - Tasdelen B
AU - Bolay H
AU - Ozge A
AU - Kissani N
TI - Primary Headache Disorders Susceptibility Is Associated With Fasting-Related Headache: Evidence From a Multinational Study Across 14 Countries
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
VL - 17
IS -
SP -
EP -
PY - 2026
ER -

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