Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Pre-Diabetes: A Case–Control Study Publisher Pubmed



Safabakhsh M¹ ; Koohdani F² ; Bagheri F¹ ; Siassi F¹ ; Khajehnasiri F³ ; Sotoudeh G¹ Show Affiliations
Source: European Journal of Nutrition Published:2018

Abstract

Purpose: Few studies have evaluated the association of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and pre-diabetes. However, these studies are very limited and incomplete. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare FV consumption and their subgroups between pre-diabetic and control subjects. Methods: This case–control study included 300 individuals, 150 subjects with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG), and 150 pre-diabetic subjects who were matched for sex and age. We collected the participants’ anthropometric and physical activity data and measured their blood glucose level. A 168 items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for estimating the FV intake. Results: After adjustment for confounding variables, participants in the lower quartiles of FV and total fruit intake were more likely to experience pre-diabetes compared with those in the higher quartiles (p trend < 0.007). In addition, cruciferous vegetables, other vegetables, and berries were inversely associated with pre-diabetes (p < 0.05), although a distinct dose–response relationship was not found. Unexpectedly, higher intake of dark yellow vegetables was significantly associated with a higher chance of pre-diabetes (p trend = 0.006). Other vegetable and fruit subgroups did not show any significant relationship with this disorder. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher intake of total FV and total fruits might be associated with lower odds ratio of pre-diabetes. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.